Play, Games, and Sport

Play, games, and sport have remained prevalent in the contemporary world. As a matter of fact, different communities or cultural groups would practice these activities for various reasons. Among other things, the general purpose of these activities is mainly to enhance the cultural norms and values of the communities associated with them. The sport activities of any group are of great significance, since they help in reaffirming or transgressing the cultural patterns of that particular group.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Play, Games, and Sport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article describes a sport or leisure activity within a particular group whereby the following aspects are keenly observed: the nature of the sport, its history within the group, the participants, the audience involved, elements of the activity that would tend to contravene prevailing attitudes, and finally, what the activity sug gests about the self-perception of the group which practices it. The Bamboo Pole Dance, commonly practiced by the Li people of China has been chosen for this assignment. Bamboo Pole dance is a popular sport among the Li people. In this type of sport, people jump and dance systematically between bamboo poles that are placed parallel to each other, and which are held from either side by eight people. The poles are slammed together to match the rhythm of the accompanying tune which serves as a guide to both the pole holders and the dancers. Meanwhile, the dancers jump between the sticks as they display all kinds of elegant moves. The holders of the poles can shift from one position to another to change the height of the poles, thus exposing the dancers to different height levels. In so doing, they make the dance either easier or more challenging to the dancers. The main trick of the game is to have the dancers’ feet get trapped between the poles. On the other hand, victory can b e realised when one successfully makes their way through the puzzle. Losers are politely dismissed from the dance, while those who emerge victorious are lifted up to the jubilation of the audience. The Bamboo Pole Dance was started by the Li people of China. As it would be observed, the dance was originally known as ‘Ka Ge’ in the community’s dialect. The Li people, like other communities used dance and music to accompany their many chores in the fields and also when performing traditional rituals. There is no doubt that the Bamboo Pole dance was the most adorable sport activity among this group of people. This elegant traditional activity would be performed whenever people came together for significant events. Initially, the dance was only meant for the men. Those times, the role of the women was to hold the poles for their male counterparts to dance. This, however, has changed over the years, and today, both men and women can directly take part in the dance. In this respect, people of all ages can compete with each other to maneuver their way through the moving poles. Similarly, there is no restriction on the age of those who can observe the activity.Advertising Looking for assessment on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Bamboo Pole Dance is a wonderful sport activity which attracts great audience, probably owing to the magical performances involved. However, one way in which the play contravenes prevailing attitudes is that, there can be too much exposure of the participants’ bodies as they react to different levels of the dance. Even though this type of sport can be performed at anytime, it is normally conducted during important festivals such as when worshipping the gods or when pestling the rice. This actually is a special way through which the Li people express enthusiasm to their tradition and culture. In this regard, the activity clearly suggests th at the Li people have strongly respected their cultural demands regardless of the prevailing transformations of modern-day China. This assessment on Play, Games, and Sport was written and submitted by user Lorelai Bates to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Religious Study

Essay Religious Study Essay Religious Study Max Weber, the German Philosopher and an author, in his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, theorizes the relationship between the Protestantism and the emergence of capitalism. Weber argues that the religious ideologies of group such as the Calvinist Protestantism paved the way for the rise of the modern capitalism. According to Weber, the two significant theological differences between the Protestant Reformation and the Roman Catholic Church that which brought changes in people’s belief during the 16th century were concerning the value of works and ideas of vocation. In Catholicism, the ideas of value of works require one to perform good work in order to attain salvation. In contrast, Weber found motivation in radical form of Protestantism - Calvinism - and its doctrine of predestination. Calvinist Protestants believe that God has already chosen each person for either eternal salvation or for eternal damnation. Therefore, if a person performed good deeds and were successful it was simply because they were predestined. Unlike in the Catholic practice in which one may also earn salvation through a monastic lifestyle and performing good work for others, Calvinist doctrine of predestination stated that the salvation could not be earned and there was no need of a mediator because of the preor dained fact of being saved or dammed. Weber theorizes that people could make sure, if they were among the elect through worldly activities. Weber interpreted these worldly activities as one being successful at whatever they do. The Calvinist emphasized that for a person to be successful they must invest, make profit, and reinvest all of the profit while living a frugal life. For example, a fruit vendor he re invests his profits back into his business and he was successful in his business, therefore he was chosen for salvation. However, the overall objective for an individual was to achieve the inner satisfaction and assurance that he/she is the one chosen for salvation. Weber argued that

8 Benefits of Time Management in College

8 Benefits of Time Management in College Yes, there are benefits to learning how to manage your time everyone seems to know that. But what exactly do the benefits of time management look like to college students in particular? Is good time management really worth all of the time and effort? 8 Benefits of Good Time Management in College You wont miss important life deadlines. Life deadlines and projects are those things that keep your life on track. It may include turning in your FAFSA on time, getting your form in early so you have guaranteed on-campus housing next year, remembering to get your moms birthday present in the mail so it arrives on time. When your time management is bad, life can get ugly in an instant.You wont miss important academic deadlines. Paper coming up? Lab report due? Group assignment on the horizon? Missing academic deadlines means you may miss out on being able to stay in school. Having good time management, on the other hand, means you get your assignments in on time and get a little sleep the night before theyre due.You have more time to sleep well, eat right, and exercise regularly. Good time management means you have more time in general. And the better you treat your body, the better it treats you. Putting a little energy into time management now means youll have more energy to get th rough your days (and workload) later. Youll have less stress. Good time management means that horrible paper you have to write gets done in a reasonable amount of time with relatively little stress. Its a much better approach than facing a panic attack the night before a deadline.Youll have more time to just relax and enjoy your time in school. Lets be honest: Even if you do decide to throw caution to the wind and just hang out with some friends in the quad, that research paper youre avoiding is still fluttering around in the back of your brain. When youre good at managing your time, you can really let yourself relax, knowing that the time youll need to rock that paper has already been allocated in your schedule.Youll have more flexibility and spontaneity. When youre always behind and late on projects, you dont have the time or mental ability to just relax and enjoy, say, the spontaneous gathering in your residence hall or your roommates surprise birthday party.Things will be easier for your friends and family. You kno w what its like to have a friend who is always late: things can become trying after a while. Finally getting on top of your time management and turning into an independent adult who can run his or her own life will make things incredibly easier on your friends and family (not to mention yourself). Good time management skills will help you in your post-college life. Think your always-late, always-behind pattern is going to change once you graduate? Think again. Taking the time to learn and make permanent strong time management skills will serve you well in your life after college. After all, how can you go out and change the world if youre always running behind and late?

Legitimate authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legitimate authority - Essay Example The author talks about principles and students and so on â€Å"accepting† the rules of schools, and entering an â€Å"agreement† with schools and other institutions. The words â€Å"accept† and â€Å"agreement† both work under means the person, such as the student or the principle, has a choice whether they want to be part of the school or not, and that by choosing to do so they agree that all authority above them is legitimate. But students are often forced without their choice by law to attend schools until a certain age, and the school they attend is decided by the where they live or what their parents tell them to do rather than their own choice. So legitimate authority, as the author talks about it involving choice, cannot function for the students; if they need to â€Å"accept† and â€Å"agree† for authority to be legitimate, as the author says, they should be able to say that none of the authority above them is legitimate, because they did not accept or agree to it.This essay does not intend to say that the organization of teachers, administrators and so on are not legitimate forms of authority, but rather that choice to be part of an organization cannot be part of forming legitimate authority in school environments. This means that other structures have to stand to take their place, for instance, the ability to appeal decisions a student or parent questions because coercive forces work on subordinates in school relationships without them having a choice.

Communications Professional Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Communications Professional Interview - Essay Example of responsibilities include planning, implementation and coordination of communication; (3) to gain knowledge from the executive’s experiences (academic, professional, other relevant facets) and from competencies and qualifications that effectively fit this position; (4) to gain appropriate knowledge on the duties, functions and responsibilities of the chief communication executive of the chosen organization; (5) to discuss the different communication approaches that the executive has tried and found successful or non-successful; and (6) to gain exemplary lessons from the information generated both from the executive and from external sources on the chosen organization with respect to organizational communication and public relations, its scope and importance. To comply with the requirements, the selected organization was identified as the Methodist University Hospital which is located in Memphis, Tennessee. The communications executive who was interviewed in the process was Christopher Jenkins, the Communications Manager. Memphis, Tennessee. The brief historical overview of the organization and pertinent details was sourced from its official website at: http://www.methodisthealth.org/locations/methodist-university-hospital. It was hereby disclosed that the hospital is identified as the â€Å"major academic campus for the University of Tennessee Health Science Center† (Methodist University Hospital: Home, 2011, p. 1). It boasts of a 661-bed capacity and is reportedly considered one of the largest and most comprehensive health institutions within the Methodist Healthcare system (Methodist University Hospital, 2011). The organization reportedly offer services that range from academic instruction in the field of medicine and health care to the University of Tennessee Health Science Center; as well as comprehensive medical services offered in its various institutions, such as the Brain and Spine Institute, the Transplant Institute, services in Diagnostics and

Tale of Two Airlines Memo Essay Example for Free

Tale of Two Airlines Memo Essay Im writing in regards of recommendations for service improvement. These findings are based on the McPherson complaint and the following issues have been identified. 1. Information technology and operation strategy failure for not identifying a full fare customer through the (RMS) revenue management system or (CRS) computer reservation system. This may have caused the airline to lose a loyal 10 year customer. 2. Poor service management by a failure of airline employees to coordinate standard operating protocols of inclement weather procedures. Inflight attendants failed to identify passengers with close connecting flights and notify employees at destination airport to hold flights. 3. Poor management control over gate boarding and gate closing, failure to monitor departure time schedule for flights. International flight departed ahead of scheduled time without regard to passenger list and reasons for possible passenger delays. The following is a list of options available. 1. Establish and integrate standard operating protocol that in the event of inclement weather, management will instruct and verify that operation employees identify connecting passengers and coordinate with outbound flights. 2. Complete organizational transformations with new service standards. Taking in consideration more human factors with todays standards in mind. This will require a fundamental change attitudes and training on behalf of management. IT managers should also take human factors more seriously than ever. 3. Prior to departure all outbound flights with missing connecting and checked-in passengers will work with operations to determine the status of missing passengers. Recommendations for correction are as follows 1. Develop a protocol for system identification of delayed flights,  inclement weather or mechanical failure, with in-flight connecting passengers to be cross checked. Having a system in place to communicate between airlines is key in this case. A study done by Jody Hoffer Gittell states, â€Å"relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect enable participants to connect in a meaningful way across functional and organizational boundariesallowing them to coordinate â€Å"on the fly†.(Gittell, J. H. 2003) Studies have also shown that a firm should be able to increase customer satisfaction which ultimately leads to a better firm performance. 2. Develop new service standards to be instituted for operations management with necessary actions to be taken to insure performance measures are met. Establish training to empower employees to take initiatives to increase satisfaction with customer service. Develop alliances with competitors in market area to use â€Å"code sharing† in the CRS to boost customer service  satisfaction. 3. Improve operations strategy for gate closing procedures. Implementation Create a project for the IS/IT department to write program into the enterprise CRS system to trigger a generated report with linkages between incoming delayed flights passenger lists and connecting flight passenger lists. Management is to distribute the above report to the appropriate parties in order for measures per operational protocol to be instigated. Develop incentive program for a pre-determined ratio of completed transfers and connections made. Assign committee to develop and monitor outreach program to alliance competitors. Establish mandatory adherence to scheduled gate closing departure times and pre gate closing passenger checklist. IS/IT department to develop pre gate closing checklist in system with requirement of management signature prior to closing out flight. Assessment Criteria Affirm successful project completion and integration into CRS system. Track ratio of completed flight connections and establish high baseline for number of completed connections made. Hire market research firm to conduct surveys on customer satisfaction for passengers of identified delayed flights. Assign staff to reconciliation of survey, delayed report, and completed connection report to monitor progress. References: Gittell, J. H. (2003). The Southwest Airlines way: Using the power of relationships to achieve high performance. New York: McGraw-Hill.

The Internet :: essays research papers

The Internet, or ‘net, is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world's businesses, institutions, and individuals. The Internet is composed of many parts, including the World Wide Web, FTP, IRC, Newsgroups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, and of course Electronic Mail (Email). The Internet is mainly used for communication. Email is the most heavily used resource of the Internet- over 40 million email messages are sent through the Internet a day. The second most used resource, called the World Wide Web, or WWW, consists of pages of words, images, sounds, and video. The Internet is continuing to grow at 40% a year, with about 20 million users, mainly in USA, Canada, and Australia, but still many all over the world. You can do many things on the Internet, such as shop for just about anything, bank and manage money, watch and listen to live cable televison and radio broadcasts, talk to other users with voice like a telephone, conduct international meetings, and access all kinds of information on any subject imaginable. As mentioned earlier, the WWW consists of pages and pages of text, images, sounds, and video. Unlike pages in a book, there is no maximum size for a page, and there is HyperText Links. If you click on any one of these links, the computer will automatically go to the page specified by the link. The WWW is programmed in a computer language called Hyper Text Markup Language, or HTML. Searching the Web can be a difficult thing to do, or if you use a search engine, it can be really easy. Since so many new web pages are added to the Web a day, a very good index is hard to keep, and an alphabetical listing of millions of web pages would be almost impossible to navigate through. To help this problem, people developed search engines that search the Web for you. Some search engines, like Yahoo, search in a big web directory they have made of hundreds of thousands of web pages, that is organized like a phonebook. Other search engines, like Alta Vista, or Magellan, search in a list of Web pages it has created as it surfed the web all by it's self. People usually access the Internet through a computer using a device called a modem. Modems connect people to the ‘net through telephone lines. Some companies, and the "heart" of the Internet, Use Fiber-Optic cables to connect. Fiber-Optic cabled are made of hair-thin strands of glass that carry information at the speed of light as pulses of light. Fiber-Optics are thousands of times faster than standard copper

Minority Groups

In quest for survival, men move from one country to another. This has become a rampant thing in our world today. Generally, there are a lot of reasons why people migrate for one their home country to another country. For instance, people who live in less developed or developing countries move to other countries in search of a better financial prospects. This kind of migration is voluntary as it is based primarily on the decision of the immigrant. Apart from this, people are forced to seek refuge or asylum in other countries due to the political unrest in their own home countries. This might be as a result of war or some other forms of political unrest. Also, people migrate to other countries because they want to be reunited with family members that they have seen in a long time.   Other reasons why people may want to migrate to other countries include among others; business, job relocation and overpopulation. Migration has its advantages and disadvantages. Although migration may help people achieve their goals and make their dreams come true, it is laden with its adverse effects. To begin with, the immigrant has little or no power in deciding how he/she will be seen by the people of the host nation because they constituted the minority in that country. Apart from this, we should understand that the immigrant’s culture will most likely be different from that of the host nation. This might lead to the loss of identity of the immigrant. Overtime, some terms have been connected with majority-minority interaction, some of which are assimilation, cultural pluralism and segregation. I will attempt a brief definition of these terms. Assimilation is a concept that is used in reference to the situation where a person is absorbed into another community as a result of constant interaction with the people of such community. Assimilation as a concept involves the assimilator, who usually belongs to the minority group blending into another culture, which is the majority group. The effect of assimilation is soon felt as the culture of the minority group faces the risk of going into extinction. The concept is claimed to have evolved from the notion of â€Å"melting pot† which implies that immigrants and other cultural group will naturally blend and be self-oriented into the American culture and way of life. Thus, the success of assimilation is the loss of the minority’s culture and the individual’s identity. Also, assimilation has led to individuals having a confused identity as they do not know which culture to embrace and are stuck in-between the two cultural identities. Furthermore, another term that has evolved in majority-minority interaction is cultural pluralism. As opposed to assimilation, this concept believes that minority groups could fit into the majority community while still retaining their individual culture. As a concept, it acknowledges the possibility of a pluralistic society and holds the idea that it is possible for people with different cultural backgrounds to coexist in the same society without one culture defacing the other. This term can be said to be built on the concept of ‘unity in diversity’. Historically, two American pragmatists namely Horace Meyer Kallen and Randolph Silliman Bourne have argued for the adoption of this concept. They argued that this became necessary during the World War 1 where some culturally different individuals were denied some fundamental human rights and liberty in America. This thought is accounted for in the book written by Horace Meyer Kallen titled â€Å"Democracy versus the Melting Pot†. In addition to these, majority-minority interaction has been criticized for promoting segregation in the society. The term â€Å"segregation† can be defined as a social situation where a particular group or race, usually minorities are discriminated in a society. For instance, for a long time, blacks were segregated in America. They were some laws that were made that showed that blacks were separated. Another typical example of a country where there was segregation, even on their homeland, is South Africa during the apartheid period. Generally, to say that America is a perfect nation devoid of separation is to believe in a myth. This has and is still a problem faced by different races in America. Although it is claimed that America is â€Å"God’s own country†, reality beholds us in the face as there are still cases of segregation in our nation. Terms like â€Å"DWB†, which means â€Å"driving while black†, depicts the fact that black people are still being discriminated against in America. Apart from blacks, another notable minority group that has been affected by issues that surround majority-minority interaction is the Polish people living in America. I will attempt to relate the three concepts discussed above to how it relates to the polish living in America. Going down the memory lane, the Polish had been living in America but their number increased between 1800’s to the beginning of World War II.   Basically, they migrated for a lot of reasons which varied from fear of recruitment to religious persecution and financial reasons. Notably, the Poles did not initially assimilate into the American culture. Because most of them are Roman Catholics, they lived together and built big churches where they could worship. This is due to the fact that they believed that they held they believe that their identity was hinged on these churches. The church served as an avenue for them to meet and discuss their individual and societal problems. As expected, they assimilated gradually into the American culture. They made their impact on America and a notable Polish that had a significant impact in the field of entertainment is Artur Rubinstein, one of American’s finest pianists. Through this time, they held on to their culture and stuck together, regardless of what Americans felt or said. Although latter generations that were born in America shelved their original culture and totally did things like the Americas. In addition to this, early poles that migrated into America operated a system of cultural pluralism. Although they participated in the activities of Americans, they held on to their own beliefs too. They were original and they believed so much in their heritage, which they considered the center of their identity. They knew who they were and were not ready to compromise that for anything. Therefore, the society that poles lived can be said to be culturally plural. During a campaign speech by the former US President, Ronald Reagan, he said â€Å"Did you know that the Polish Army bought 10,000 septic tanks? Once they learn how to use 'em they are going to invade Russia.† Poles were stereotyped in America and were seen as dirty, unkempt and rough. In fact, there was a film where they were greatly stereotyped titled â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire.† This does not include the various forms of discrimination they faced as a result of TV commercials, magazine cartoons, comedy show and lots more. In conclusion, majority-minority interaction is bound to create a problem because it is difficult to totally embrace a stranger from a different cultural background. It is also hard for immigrants to hold on to their original culture for ever because of socialization. Also, when we argue for cultural pluralism, we are allowing divisions in the society. Reference: Simon, J. L. (1989). The Economic Consequences of Immigration. London: Basil Blackwell, Ltd.               

Tort Assignment

Notwithstanding that Fred may have provoked Ivan by his behavior towards Van's fiancee, however, this is not a defense to intentional wrong doing tort and there is not any reasonable ground for defense of the person of another. Therefore, it would be found that Ivan is liable for battery. There was no actual damage suffered by Fred, hence Fred can only claim for nominal damages. Ivan v the parking attendant – negligent trespass for battery A negligent battery Is committed when there is a negligent, direct, and unlawful contact or without consent to another's person.Prima ice, the injury suffered by Ivan was a direct injury negligently conflicted through the carelessness and negligence of the parking attendant. It would be reasonably foreseeable that someone might be standing under the shutter door. However, there has not been any precedent to support the view of negligent battery, or the interrelationship of fault and trespass. In my view, as long as the elements of negligent trespass are satisfied, the parking attendant would be liable for negligent battery and Ivan might claim for compensatory damage to compensate his medical bill and economic loss.Assault Ivan v Fred Assault is the intentional creation of an apprehension of an immediate physical violence or unlawful contact. Fred subjectively intended to create an apprehension to carry out force toward Ivan. The nature of his act was clearly manifested to batter Ivan; which hands clenched Into fists towards someone's face In close physical proximity would prove the apparent ability of Fred to carry out threat. However, concurrently, Fred intentionally made the statement â€Å"you wait till you're outside tonight, you d*head-you'll regret this†.Although the verbal threat could ultimately kook away the immediacy, and the fact that Fred went to sleep suggested that there was no clear evidence for imminent physical violence. However, Fried's threatening gesture was satisfied to cause reasonable app rehension of unlawful physical contact on any ordinary man's mind even If the act might happen later. So It would be found that Fred is liable and hence Ivan might claim for nominal damages as there was no actual injury suffered. Officer v Tony Referring to the definition, the threatening statement constituted an intentional act which aimed to threaten the officer with some kind of harm.The verbal threat of immediate force, and were not even mere words, which has all the essential elements Tort ten emcee to apprehend Immediate unlawful contact, although Tear Is not required. Tony subjected the officer to intimidation by threatening to apply force in a circumstance that the officer had no right to block the way out. However, the threat was made in an improper way of enforcing his right. On the on hand, it may be said that there has been restrained on Tony by his wife. Yet, this still constituted assault by possessing the means of carrying immediate violence.Tony would be liable for a ssault without any reasonable defenses. Again, the officer can claim for nominal damages only without any actual damage or feeling injury. Rosins v Fred As previously defined, Fred voluntarily blocked Rosin's way which sufficed as the intentional act. The act of unlawful photographing would not constitute an assault itself (intrusion of privacy instead), however, blocking someone with a â€Å"display of force† would carry means of threat into effect, which was reasonable for Rosins to apprehended that the threat would be carried out without her consent.Therefore, Fred would be liable for the tort of assault and Rosins likely to claim for nominal damages. False imprisonment Richard v State Immigration Department [SIDE] False imprisonment is defined as intentional and unauthorized restraint or deprivation of a person's liberty. SIDE was intentionally wrongful used its authority to cause confinement on Orchard's liberty. Although there has been no application of physical force, there was evidence of complete submission by Richard to the control of SIDE, which eventually satisfied the test drawn from the High Court's decision inBellman New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson. Through the presence of officers, it was apparent that if Richard refused to follow, he would be restrained by force. So the requirement of total restraint was abundantly satisfied. SIDE took the action without any requisite warrants or reasonable evidence; a tip-off was not enough to satisfy, so an imprisonment was unlawful since the beginning as they barred exit. No minimum time limit is specified for constituting of the action on false imprisonment, therefore 20 minute of detention or even less than that would still constitute an action for false imprisonment.There will be no relevant defenses since the action was unlawfully carried out, without any authorized license or statutory authority. So SIDE would be liable for false imprisonment; Richard can claim for nominal damages to signify the in fringement of his right and inconvenience without any forthcoming apology from SIDE; and aggravated damages for the injury of his dignity and feelings upon the false imprisonment.There is no evidence to suggest that Richard suffered any special loss; however, the conduct of SIDE was considered to be arbitrary, oppressive and unconstitutional, hence exemplary damages would be claimed People in Bar Aroma v State Immigration Department [SIDE] Referring to the definition, as followed concurrently with the false imprisonment of Richard, the liberty of people in Bar Aroma was deprived totally; which could be proved through the fact that Tony was not able to leave.Again, SIDE had no right to imprison people without any requisite warrants; hence an imprisonment was unlawfully carried out. SIDE may argue of people's unawareness at the time the action took place. However, a person could be imprisoned without his knowing it. And the residence of an official stationed at each door would reasona bly allow people to recognize the total restraint on their liberty. Based on the fact, the mean of escape exalters tongue ten sloe door; never, tens was not apparent; nonce It wall not De regarded as reasonable.So SIDE would be found to be liable for false imprisonment. The people would expect to recover no more than nominal damages due to their unawareness of falsely imprisoned condition and no actual harm suffered. The local people v State Immigration Department [SIDE] As previously defined, the elements of total restrained through unlawful conduct ere abundantly satisfied by barring the exit doors and without any requisite warrants. However, there is no false imprisonment where a person has consented to a restraint on liberty.It appeared that the local people were aware of the situation and of the purpose in which it was carried out. It was therefore determined that they had given implied consents which surrendered of a portion of their liberty for a certain period. If the cause of action is a restraint in accordance with that surrender, they cannot complain. Furthermore, by knowing the side door, there was a reasonable mean of escape. Hence, an action for false imprisonment might not lie.Rosins v Fred Referring to the definition, Fred intentionally blocked Rosin's way, which illustrated his unlawfulness by stopping her right from passing the way. However, on the same fact, Fred did not amount to a total restraint of Rosin's liberty, as she could go different directions in order to avoid Fried's contact; hence through merely obstructed the passage of Rosins in a particular direction and not preventing her from going in another direction, Fred will have a good defense to any claim in false imprisonment rough by Rosins. Tort Assignment Notwithstanding that Fred may have provoked Ivan by his behavior towards Van's fiancee, however, this is not a defense to intentional wrong doing tort and there is not any reasonable ground for defense of the person of another. Therefore, it would be found that Ivan is liable for battery. There was no actual damage suffered by Fred, hence Fred can only claim for nominal damages. Ivan v the parking attendant – negligent trespass for battery A negligent battery Is committed when there is a negligent, direct, and unlawful contact or without consent to another's person.Prima ice, the injury suffered by Ivan was a direct injury negligently conflicted through the carelessness and negligence of the parking attendant. It would be reasonably foreseeable that someone might be standing under the shutter door. However, there has not been any precedent to support the view of negligent battery, or the interrelationship of fault and trespass. In my view, as long as the elements of negligent trespass are satisfied, the parking attendant would be liable for negligent battery and Ivan might claim for compensatory damage to compensate his medical bill and economic loss.Assault Ivan v Fred Assault is the intentional creation of an apprehension of an immediate physical violence or unlawful contact. Fred subjectively intended to create an apprehension to carry out force toward Ivan. The nature of his act was clearly manifested to batter Ivan; which hands clenched Into fists towards someone's face In close physical proximity would prove the apparent ability of Fred to carry out threat. However, concurrently, Fred intentionally made the statement â€Å"you wait till you're outside tonight, you d*head-you'll regret this†.Although the verbal threat could ultimately kook away the immediacy, and the fact that Fred went to sleep suggested that there was no clear evidence for imminent physical violence. However, Fried's threatening gesture was satisfied to cause reasonable app rehension of unlawful physical contact on any ordinary man's mind even If the act might happen later. So It would be found that Fred is liable and hence Ivan might claim for nominal damages as there was no actual injury suffered. Officer v Tony Referring to the definition, the threatening statement constituted an intentional act which aimed to threaten the officer with some kind of harm.The verbal threat of immediate force, and were not even mere words, which has all the essential elements Tort ten emcee to apprehend Immediate unlawful contact, although Tear Is not required. Tony subjected the officer to intimidation by threatening to apply force in a circumstance that the officer had no right to block the way out. However, the threat was made in an improper way of enforcing his right. On the on hand, it may be said that there has been restrained on Tony by his wife. Yet, this still constituted assault by possessing the means of carrying immediate violence.Tony would be liable for a ssault without any reasonable defenses. Again, the officer can claim for nominal damages only without any actual damage or feeling injury. Rosins v Fred As previously defined, Fred voluntarily blocked Rosin's way which sufficed as the intentional act. The act of unlawful photographing would not constitute an assault itself (intrusion of privacy instead), however, blocking someone with a â€Å"display of force† would carry means of threat into effect, which was reasonable for Rosins to apprehended that the threat would be carried out without her consent.Therefore, Fred would be liable for the tort of assault and Rosins likely to claim for nominal damages. False imprisonment Richard v State Immigration Department [SIDE] False imprisonment is defined as intentional and unauthorized restraint or deprivation of a person's liberty. SIDE was intentionally wrongful used its authority to cause confinement on Orchard's liberty. Although there has been no application of physical force, there was evidence of complete submission by Richard to the control of SIDE, which eventually satisfied the test drawn from the High Court's decision inBellman New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson. Through the presence of officers, it was apparent that if Richard refused to follow, he would be restrained by force. So the requirement of total restraint was abundantly satisfied. SIDE took the action without any requisite warrants or reasonable evidence; a tip-off was not enough to satisfy, so an imprisonment was unlawful since the beginning as they barred exit. No minimum time limit is specified for constituting of the action on false imprisonment, therefore 20 minute of detention or even less than that would still constitute an action for false imprisonment.There will be no relevant defenses since the action was unlawfully carried out, without any authorized license or statutory authority. So SIDE would be liable for false imprisonment; Richard can claim for nominal damages to signify the in fringement of his right and inconvenience without any forthcoming apology from SIDE; and aggravated damages for the injury of his dignity and feelings upon the false imprisonment.There is no evidence to suggest that Richard suffered any special loss; however, the conduct of SIDE was considered to be arbitrary, oppressive and unconstitutional, hence exemplary damages would be claimed People in Bar Aroma v State Immigration Department [SIDE] Referring to the definition, as followed concurrently with the false imprisonment of Richard, the liberty of people in Bar Aroma was deprived totally; which could be proved through the fact that Tony was not able to leave.Again, SIDE had no right to imprison people without any requisite warrants; hence an imprisonment was unlawfully carried out. SIDE may argue of people's unawareness at the time the action took place. However, a person could be imprisoned without his knowing it. And the residence of an official stationed at each door would reasona bly allow people to recognize the total restraint on their liberty. Based on the fact, the mean of escape exalters tongue ten sloe door; never, tens was not apparent; nonce It wall not De regarded as reasonable.So SIDE would be found to be liable for false imprisonment. The people would expect to recover no more than nominal damages due to their unawareness of falsely imprisoned condition and no actual harm suffered. The local people v State Immigration Department [SIDE] As previously defined, the elements of total restrained through unlawful conduct ere abundantly satisfied by barring the exit doors and without any requisite warrants. However, there is no false imprisonment where a person has consented to a restraint on liberty.It appeared that the local people were aware of the situation and of the purpose in which it was carried out. It was therefore determined that they had given implied consents which surrendered of a portion of their liberty for a certain period. If the cause of action is a restraint in accordance with that surrender, they cannot complain. Furthermore, by knowing the side door, there was a reasonable mean of escape. Hence, an action for false imprisonment might not lie.Rosins v Fred Referring to the definition, Fred intentionally blocked Rosin's way, which illustrated his unlawfulness by stopping her right from passing the way. However, on the same fact, Fred did not amount to a total restraint of Rosin's liberty, as she could go different directions in order to avoid Fried's contact; hence through merely obstructed the passage of Rosins in a particular direction and not preventing her from going in another direction, Fred will have a good defense to any claim in false imprisonment rough by Rosins.

Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Sample

Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Sample The Book Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Example The Book Beggars and Thieves Literature Essay Example Modern world is highly competitive and people are in a constant race for enrichment and money because income affects quality of life, health, and social well-being. Even working hard does not guarantee social success and acknowledgement because some people have more opportunities and live in more prosperous environments than others. Crime thrives in poor areas and infects people with adjusting social deviations, making theft and beggary a common and trivial sign of modern highly industrialized urban cities. The problem is not new and it originates in poverty and approaches of officials to combating this evil. There are people who have hardly enough money to provide food and water for themselves and their families and there are people who possess endless bank accounts and can afford more than they want. High rates of income discrimination have become a serious threat to the world stability in the twenty first century and have led to development and thrive of street gang crime. It has become one of the most dangerous and latent forms of offence. Depending on delinquency prevention conditions, societies form psychological climate in the country and attitude to the state authorities and criminal justice. Street criminals are usually young people with antisocial behavior, formed on the background of the use of alcohol or drugs or leading a parasitic way of life. The problem originates in the crisis in economic, cultural, spiritual, and legal spheres of society and modern polarized world. The inability of social adaptation and marginalization make people get and return behind the bars again and again. Mark S. Fleisher discusses dimensions and roots of the problem in his book Beggars and Thieves: Lives of Urban Street Criminals issued in 1995. He investigates peculiarities and evils of ramshackle areas in Seattle and carries out a research based on personal experience of living in the street and in a real jail. Street Ethnography Being a social scientist, anthropologist Mark S. Fleisher (1995) tries to perceive the problem of thieves and beggars from inside and applies some modifications of traditional research methods. He wins confidence of felons and law offenders by establishment of equal and trustful relationships with them. He puts an aim to weave into the criminal social network by means of authoritative inmates (Fleisher, 1995). This way, he can perceive the problem of theft and beggary through the prism of criminals’ vision. Stylistics of the author is far from scientific writing. He adheres to numerous descriptions, reflections, and stylistic devices while depicting lively and characteristic signs of the street life. He writes in the first person singular and tries to use the same language as criminals because his first purpose is to weave into illegal social networks and be able to communicate positively with the outlaws. The primary method is an interview. Fleisher adapts questions to rules of the criminal world to make the interview relevant and lively. For example, simple questions about family background and marriage status can sound offensive because of socio-cultural non-adaptation and frustration. In cases with criminals, Fleisher has first obtained reference of some meaningful people to prove his liability. He invites people into a conversation through common dining and drinking bear. He does not conceal his intentions and tells sincerely about his purposes. Some criminals understand and some reject. However, in all cases the author underlines the necessity to be the same and non-conspicuous with his real social status and relevant social success. The essence of conditions created by Fleisher consists in sincere revelation of free and profitless ideas and evidences of those who just want to share their story and to relief their soul and conciseness. The collected database shows not only statistical information, but contains a lot of reflections and assumptions of the misdemeanants on the problem of poverty and possibility to combat it, conditions of first abuse, and acquaintance with drugs and substances. In his research, Fleisher (1995) feels sympathetic with criminals and tries to understand motives of their behavior. The author foresees possible conclusions about his empathy to the offenders. His free statements about the scope of drug traffic and consumption can lead to a thought that he has personal addiction to drugs and in such way only justifies his own weaknesses. The author does not give a direct answer about his own addictions. However, he admits that behaving like a criminal imposes certain destructive habits just by definition. He uses rude lexical units and behaves blatantly and offensively, as well as not shaving daily, as it is accepted in the middle class society. â€Å"Illegal behavior, to some degree, is required of researchers studying criminals† (Fleisher, 1995, p. 69). Fleisher sees that police officers and criminal authorities follow definite unspoken rules and support each other in providing order and its maintenance. The author started establishing connection with the criminal world through the local police. He wanted to study and analyze the street ethnography before entering jail conditions. Local cops turned out to be the most helpful and instructive guides. According to the Fleisher’s research (1995), the street is unsafe in certain areas, which are under control of criminal authorities and the police. There are representatives of various cultures and minorities, which often becomes a reason of discrimination and polarization of certain marginal groups. Thieves and beggars do not want to be homeless and vulnerable to abuse. However, they often fail to see the essence of their problem and discuss it with representatives of other ethnic group. The concept of connections seems to be crucial in establishment of relationships with criminals. Fleisher addressed the police in order to direct him in his street ethnography. He met Popcorn who became his green card into the world of drug dealers and hustlers. The man was a character whom Fleisher observed as being free and then in jail (Fleisher, 1995). Fleisher (1995) shows the connection between street crimes, ordinary thieves and beggars, and organized groups and syndicates. He explains gang signs seen on jail tattoos. By the way, he starts his interviews from the explanation of tattoo meanings and criminals are willing to discuss the topic. The scientist underlines that the international organized crime is flourishing in the United States despite strong legislation and political will to deal with this problem. The root can be in the division of responsibility between local law enforcement agencies, state, and federal authorities because they are fully exploited by criminal groups. Since the mid 60s, the US has expanded the arsenal of tools to fight organized crime and gangsters. The first law in this area became a universal law of 1968 on combating crime and ensuring safety on streets. It was passed against organized crime and included a large number of legal institutions. In particular, it established special investigation agen cies, which provided a guarantee of immunity to witnesses. They introduced a special penal provision for the punishment of participants of criminal organizations. Moreover, supporting programs for the most vulnerable and poor layers of the population were adopted and implemented. In the episode where the policemen ask Popcorn to show Fleisher how he plays his game, all men appear as allies. The episode evidently shows that the police and criminals know about each other much more than they reveal or report. â€Å"As long as a cop plays by street rules, local gang boys do not hold a grudge against him† (Fleisher, 1995, p. 30). Street gangs and bands represent branches of the organized criminal world. They prefer to involve young people and unite them in a typical way of clothing and behavior. The youth follow the general group trend in violence and appearance. It happens because in many situations streets of large and small settlements create a psychological climate for the population living there. It helps in evaluation of the criminal situation in a particular locality and region. It stipulates a social favorable or unfavorable effect on the formation of public opinion about activities not only of criminal justice, but also of the government in general. The study of regional aspects of street crime conducted by Fleisher reflects regional peculiarities and determinants of specific criminal manifestations in Seattle and other urban regions of the American gang world. In most cases, street gangs display aggression and offence and try to violate social norms. Distorted Families Mark Fleisher researches early memories of thieves and beggars in a natural trustful conversation. All interviewed criminals reveal signs of early violence experiences and abuse. The author underlines effects of parents’ negligence and evil environment on further aggression and illegal activities. He puts questions of what can and should be done for delinquents’ prevention from offensive forms of behavior. He comes to a non-consoling conclusion that it is too late to change their fate at that time of their life. In the last chapter, Fleisher (1995) underlines that thieves and beggars are much better settled in jails than in life outside the bars. They have food and shelter and have the job to be done. They have time for rest and different facilities such as ping-pong and library. Outlaws can meet and communicate with relatives if they have any. Description of a Seattle jail includes two televisions. The author shows that the convicted feel much more realized in jail tha n in the real social environment they originate from (Fleisher, 1995). Such situation shows absence of a necessity to rehabilitate and socialize in the modern highly competitive world. People do not strive to change and improve anything in their lives. They accept as a fact that their fate is to go with the flow and do not look for some opportunities or promotion in life. The government gives up, facing this challenge of criminals’ self-rejection. They do not offend the social order and do not die of hunger or cold and here the official mission is completed. Fleisher reveals this in dialogues with misdemeanants and reveals their perception that little can contribute to the improvement of their self-esteem and social rehabilitation. He sees special mission in preventing children from imprinting addictive and destructive forms of behavior and, especially, home violence. Fleisher’s main suggestion is fencing of the new generation from evil aggressive misdemeanors. He underlines that parents and local authorities should detect cases of home violence and abuse with more accuracy and attention. Causes of domestic violence are numerous. According to Fleisher, the phenomenon has a socio-cultural nature and is an integral part of stereotyped notions about the nature of family relationships perceived through early childhood impressions. It represents the only possible model of behavior. The abuse may be the result of personal life experience of individuals and, thereby, they create moral and psychological grounds to consider this type of relationship as versatile. Another group of causes is associated with childhood trauma, which is an early devastating experience that makes the individual develop his/her childs c omplexes (Fleisher, 1995). Fleisher gives examples how domestic violence results into offensive and abusive behaviors in adult life of the observed criminals. Social and psychological frustration caused by external influences exceeds limits of personal resilience of individuals, forcing them to seek compensation and revenge. The author has found a special role in the growth of violence in such mental factors as weakening control instincts, frustration, aggression, alcoholism, and psychopathology. Violence is closely associated with social stress in the family. Among many problems that can raise the level of tension and lead to violence are differences in parenting, sex deviations, pregnancy, money problems, unemployment, or the need for long-term medical care. Constant parents’ irritation can partly be explained by chronic anxiety about unresolved issues, which creates a mismatch between desires and capabilities. Non-participation in social activities and limited availability of social support increase the risk of violence. Fleisher’s studies have shown that alcohol and drugs are not the same. Even a small amount of alcohol can affect aggressiveness and lead to aggression. In cases with a drug dose, people, on the contrary, soften and differentiate. People do not display violence because they have taken drugs, but because they cannot accept them. Therefore, some cases of violence appear in an attempt to get money from relatives for buying drugs. In cases of abuse of the elderly, a major psychological factor is the role change and dependence of adult children on parents. At the same time, certain characteristics of the victim, such as constant claims and complaints, can also contribute to violence. Adolescent Survival According to Fleisher’s observations (1995), the problem of juvenile offence can originate from family and social environment of adolescents. For example, poor relationships with parents can become the main reason of aggression and offence of the youth. In families where parents experience difficulties with personal social adaptation, children tend to be neglected, stressful, and frustrated. They are apt to using drugs, alcohol, or other addictive substances as their parents do. When parents fail in establishment of friendly and trustful relationships with their children, there can appear hostility and disbelief in young hearts. The lack of moral and financial encouragement can lead to poor learning skills development and illiteracy. Children need happy, confident, and successful parents, i.e. a positive example and trust in the world. If adults in a family need corrections themselves, they should be treated and rehabilitated together with their children. They have to be taught about modern principles of non-violence and abuse avoidance by specially trained people or in specially organized groups. Problems of trust deficiency in a family and absence of support make young people vulnerable to numerous addictions of the twenty-first century such as alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. They start neglecting social rules and norms and look for protection and self-realization by joining certain youth sub-cultures and deviant groups. It is not a secret that nowadays the youth adhere to processes of differentiation. Differentiating factors appear more visibly than integrating ones. Under conditions of a radical transformation in the society, there have appeared profound changes in its stratification. Social polarization reflects trends relating to disengagement of traditionally preserved connections and values (Fleisher, 1995). Social crisis has spawned break of principles and norms of public morality: what was good has suddenly become obsolete and devoid of practical significance. Various marginal flows have poured into subcultures of the young generation, hence ensuring total rejection of traditional cultural values. Delinquency, rejection, and denial of any rules and regulations have started flourishing on that fertile soil. When gathering in gangs, teens can despise the law and morality or show wanton vandalism. What makes them act this way? What underlies these protests? Fleisher believes that antisocial sub-cultural groups and gangs arose in response to differences in initial conditions of the native environment. A subculture is a kind of reaction of the society, especially its younger generation, to the inability to become owners of decent life, namely to get good education and job or become rich, successful, and acknowledged. Subculture has appeared as an answer to the contradiction. Young people could achieve goals, sometimes illegally, while maintaining their own self and ensuring acquisition of their unique nature. As with other categories of social science, rejection is a form of perception of social reality. In Fleisher’s view, human development is moving towards increasing freedom that not every person can adequately take advantage of (Fleisher, 1995). It can cause a number of negative experiences and mental states, which lead to alienation. As a result of exhausting struggle, young people sometimes lose themselves, social stability, trust of relatives and step into the way of crime. Attention to problems of thieves and beggars is crucial because of their uncontrollable affects on the future generation and well-being of whole human settlements, especially in large urban regions. Fleisher generates a set of circumstances that form the distinctive shape of crime in big cities. It becomes evident not only in the quantitative characteristics prevailing in the criminological situation, but also in qualitative changes of the concepts of crime in the broadest sense. The author implies that in many cases criminals adhere to unspoken rules and behavior, which are effective and relevant to the current situation of addiction and abuses. The perception of justice and crime has acquired new features in the growing generation and the signs of aggressive reactions and rejection of social norms and rules point out evident drawbacks and lacunas in the system of education and upbringing. Fleisher reveals numerous examples of cruelty and cases where the imperturbable crowd watches a violent crime on the streets of a big city without calling the police. These are symptoms of indifference and insensitivity, developing under the influence of the general structure of a modern large city. The anonymity of city streets facilitates crime and fleeing of criminals. There is a vicious circle in which, on the one hand, the fear of crime is driving people off the streets, out of parks and squares. On the other hand, the emptiness of streets and parks promotes growth of street crime, which reinforces the fear. Architecture of modern large cities, including land, streets, parks, and squares does not enhance primary informal social control, but has a rather destructive effect, which in turn increases social isolation and fear of street crime among urban residents. The book of Mark S. Fleisher (1995) raises crucial problems of the increasing amount of delinquents in modern global connections and communication. Modern thieves and beggars shift their evil habits from the street to the Internet. The lack of morals and a desire for quick and easy enrichment make them scammers and cyber crime abusers. Formation of a thief or beggar remains conditioned by those social ties to the environment from which the person originates and grows. Antisocial attitudes, aspirations, inclinations, and other negative traits of an individual are undoubtedly a product of assimilation of similar views and orientation based on the surrounding social environment. Young people are in a constant and direct communication with other people, as well as in a range of roles and relationships that they perform every day. It affects strategies of stating and achieving goals. According to Fleisher (1995), the personality of a street criminal is characterized by such features as high sensitivity in interpersonal relationships, adherence to oppressive and violent methods in various conflicts, poor knowledge of the requirements of legal and ethical standards, and alienation from the society and its values. These features form a specific typology of thieves and beggars for whom offenses are a norm and a usual way of behavior. People repeatedly commit crimes because they have not seen other forms of communication and getting what they want in their past. The inability to resist adverse circumstances leads to reinforcement of negative and offensive activities. Personal characteristics of law perpetrators make them avoid negative effects and they fail to look for possible success. Attempts of the government to change the situation have not led to any sufficient results. On the contrary, it should be noted that the offensive psychology acquired in the street criminal experience now appears in other spheres of social media activity. For half a century, the police have persecuted, accused, imprisoned, and even ruined criminals. They have a professionally organized, well-trained service for investigation of organized crime and a disclosure set of intricate conspiracy involving dangerous criminals. They spend billions of dollars on ceasing the drug trade borders, eradicating union extortionists, and checking taxes paid by speculators and gamblers. However, the organized crime continues to conduct business as usual and involves millions of new victims every year.

The Private Finance Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Private Finance Initiative - Essay Example The basic premise behind the concept was to involve private players in service provision hence lessening the burden on the government. It was also meant to bring a touch of professionalism that is common in the private sector in provision of public services. The entry of Britain in the European Union also played a significant role in the starting of this scheme. New EU laws put a cap on government expenditure resulting from both internal and external debt. These laws consequently put a major strain on government expenditure on public projects such as new schools, roads and hospitals. Technical experts therefore resulted to PFI in order to expedite the provision of essential public services. In some circles the scheme was also known as the Private-Public partnership or simply the PPP. While the scheme was designed to ensure efficient provision of public services and reduce government borrowing from the public sector, it drew some criticism in some quarters. Some economic experts and political scientist pointed holes at the idea saying that it was a blatant display of government inefficiency. There was also fear that providers of these public services may be motivated by profits and end up providing mediocre services. In public finance, the government provides public goods since unlike private players; it is not motivated by profits. ... As noted earlier the Private Finance Initiative was the brainchild of the conservative government then led by John Major. It was billed as the most cost effective means of service provision to the public. As expected this attracted the wrath of the then opposition labour party who accused the government of engaging in unplanned privatisation of key government services. Courtesy of some wheel dealing and backroom consultations the labour party warmed up to the idea and consequently the Private Finance Initiative was implemented. In spite of its initial opposition to the idea, the labour went ahead to adopt PFI when it eventually swept to power under the stewardship of the youthful leader Tony Blair. The chancellor Gordon Brown who was one of the most vocal opponents of the scheme beat a hasty turn around and became scheme's number one supporter. The chancellor praised the scheme pointing out that it was due to PFI that over 150 new schools were built, 40 new hospitals constructed and a dozen road and rail projects constructed within a very short span of time. Economists at the treasury also argued that it was due to PFI that the government had spent more on capital projects and there was less public borrowing by the state. PFI was well manifested in London as it was responsible for the building of the ultramodern London Underground system. Mayor Ken Livingstone was forced to eat humble pie and support the project after its success. Akintole et al (2003) points out that Private Finance Initiative was one of the thorny issues in the labour government. There was the usual criticism that public assets were managed by private individuals in a questionable manner for a very long period of time. It was also quietly pointed out that some highly important

A cultural experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A cultural experience - Essay Example The Geography of China focuses on not only the position of China but also the enormous human source it has in the world. Located in South East Asia it is the third largest country in the world with 6.5% of land area and second largest in population. China has one more self importance in the world of history that is has the oldest civilization background tracing back to 3500 years. It is a mountainous country. Mountains and hills occupy 65% of the total area of China’s Landscape. China has lot of rivers and lakes Yangtze and The Yellow River are the most famous in the world. Nearly 95%of the population dwells in the North and South regions of China. The highest population count is in fact a strong supporting feature of China. The unity among the people had been a supreme cause in the development of China. Religion too has a great significance in China. Buddhism, though came from India initially, took its massive support only from China. As a result artistic and admirable monuments were built in order to set a strong belief in the Buddhist thought. Religion is cooperated with large family organizations. Either the father or husband takes care of the family. Children live with their parents till they get married. After getting married they will be shifted to a separate apartment. Coming to the food culture of China, they give importance to nutritional values. Colors seem to play an important role in the daily intake of China. Chinese associate colors with the main organs of the human body. Color, flavor, and smell have their equal partake and contribution in their food habits. They combine two to three colored ingredients such as green, light green, dark green, red, yellow, white etc added with sauces and cook. The Chinese had a strong traditional belief that type of food has medicinal values in it. A theory called â€Å"harmonization of foods† by Yi Yin reflects on the link between the five flavors and major organs of human body. They are sweet,