Ethnicity and Genocide in Rwanda

Ethnicity and Genocide in Rwanda Tracing the origins of a genocide is a treacherous undertaking. If simply recording the facts can be difficult, due to the chaotic and brutal disregard of human existence and culture, then tracing the social, cultural and political origins/causes is highly problematic. If the interpreter chooses to trace these origins to the distant past, by considering peculiar cultural developments and tensions then he/she can be accused of absolving those who were actively involved in the genocide of the responsibility that should be attributed to them. If on the other hand, the interpreter chooses merely to concentrate on the motivations of those involved then this can be at the expense of a broader understanding of the circumstances that enabled such motivations to flourish. This dilemma certainly confronts efforts to explain the most notorious genocide in human history, in Germany during the second world war. Hannah Arendt for example, asked us, disturbingly, to think of Eichman as just a burea ucrat trying to do the best for his career and family as a creation of the dark side of modernity. In attempting to explain a more recent, equally brutal, genocide in Rwanda in 1994 we are once again confronted by the interpretive dilemma described above. In the case of Rwanda the issue for those attempting to explain why almost 1 million people were murdered in the space of just a few months, has been the extent to which ethnicity was the decisive factor. Was it ethnic tension and rivalry that erupted, horrifically, into the mass killing of a minority ethnic group by another majority ethnic group? If so then how did such viscous ethnic tension emerge? Was it an artificial creation of colonial rule, that was very likely to eventually end in violent conflict? Or were ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi the deliberate construction of power groups bent on the annihilation of their enemies, their competitors for power. And to what extent were these tensions class based rather than ethnic? In the following essay I shall show how there is more at stake in assessing the contributi on of ethnicity to the genocide in Rwanda than the degree to which ethnicity was a factor. Moreover, it is very clear that ethnicity played a part but the key issue is when, who, how and for what purpose was ‘ethnic’ division created? Our answers to these questions will lead us to the very meaning of the ethnicities themselves. Ethnicity and Genocide Before we can begin to address the particular case of Rwanda however we should clarify what will be meant by both ethnicity and genocide. The term ethnicity is usually employed to refer to the identity of a group of people who share a particular geography, language, history, religion, habits and customs that can be distinguished from other such groups. Whether this identity is ‘imaginary or real’, as Obi Zgwanda notes, is irrelevant. What matters is that there is a perception of ethnic differences and that this perception guides the actions and interactions of those who hold to them. It is important also to note here that ethnicity is a social identity that is not necessarily confined by, or the product of, precise geographical boundaries. Indeed Africa is a good example of a region that consists of many ethnicities that pre-date the establishment of geographical boundaries. Moreover, just because a certain social identity is not geographically demarcated against another social identity, it’s other, does not mean that the social identity in question is any less describable as ethnic (Igwara, 1995: 7) The term genocide requires a much more formal definition. This is because there often seems to be some confusion between killing that is motivated by ethnic hatred and the deliberate, planned attempt to eliminate a certain ethnic group which is what we shall understand to be genocide. The distinction is important because it is much easier to understand the socio-historical causes of violence between ethnic groups than it is to trace the socio-historical legacy that led to genocide. In other words, there may exist ethnic tensions or competing ethnicities but it is a big step to then understand them as the key contributing factor in genocide. And once we recognise that genocide is planned and deliberate then we also have to take into account the motivations of the planners of the genocide. In other words, we need to consider the extent to which ethnicity was manipulated by actors bent on the paranoid accumulation of power and wealth. Hutu and Tutsi as ethnicities? Hutu and Tutsi are the two main ethnic groupings in Rwanda. But are they really distinct ethnic groupings. After all, they share the same language and customs and are not divided by religion either. Indeed, they also share the same geography. The Hutu, who are the majority group, have been historically distinguished, most significantly, merely by their occupation as farmers of the land whereas Tutsi are mainly cattle farmers. To be sure this is an important difference, in that ownership of cattle has traditionally been thought of as the chief measure of status. There are some who believe that Tutsi and Hutu can be distinguished also by appearance but then there are others still who believe that this is mythical, a social imagination of former Tutsi rule which explains why they are thought to be taller. In any case, the pre-twentieth century history of Tutsi and Hutu suggest that the two groups were different not as ethnicities as such but as two layers of a caste system. This would perhaps explain why prior to the twentieth century the Hutu and Tutsi coexisted relatively peacefully; certainly if the cultural and economic hierarchy between Tutsi and Hutu was internalised as a natural order within the social identities of the two groupings. Indeed, to describe the Hutu and Tutsi as ethnicities may indeed be a Eurocentric way of classifying the differences between the two groups that wants to divide up the world into distinct ethnicities, much in the way that nations are divided up. To put the point differently, it is rather like understanding the middle and working classes in Britain as separate ethnicities. To conclude this section, if the genocide carried out by Hutu against Tutsi is to be understood in terms of ethnicity then the ethnicity we are referring to must surely be a recent creation and therefore, perhaps less decisive as a factor? Colonialism and the construction of ethnicity It is now widely recognised that colonial rule of Africa, and other parts of the world, created tensions that otherwise might not have existed. There are two key reasons for this effect. Firstly, the dividing up of Africa by European powers in the 19th and early 20th century created artificial boundaries which subsequently became states, and which would later become the subject of dispute and violent conflict. Secondly, and more significantly in the case of Rwanda colonialism imposed what is called the settler/native dialectic. The settler/native dialectic did not just impose a hierarchy it established an altered consciousness in which social identities were relative to the superiority of the colonist (Mamdani, 2001). Moreover, consent to colonial rule was imposed not just through force but through a kind of cultural assimilation in which the native was encouraged to aspire to the cultural and economic superiority of the settler. This surely had the effect of heightening tensions bet ween groups that were privileged or marginalised within this dialectic thus feeding a key ingredient of ethnicity, namely otherness (Mamdani, 2001) German control of Rwanda up until the first world war certainly followed the logic of colonialism described above. Throughout German occupation the dominance of the Tutsi was further institutionalised through administrative and economic structures. And the enforcement of a tax regime meant that the Tutsi were both partly responsible for and beneficiaries of the collection and allocation of revenue. However, it was Belgian colonialism that had the most significant impact on relations between Hutu and Tutsi, and the social construction of ethnic identity in Rwanda. There are several key factors here. Firstly, after taking control of the colony after world war one, the Belgian authorities introduced formal ethnic identification. Every Rwandan was forced to carry identity cards stating their ethnic identity, i.e Hutu or Tutsi. Placed alongside the continued support for the Tutsi elite and the explicit belief that the Tutsi were superior to the Hutu, physically and culturally, this surely had the effect of polarising the ‘ethnic’ contrast between the two groups (Igwara, 1995: 46) Worse still, the Belgian authorities attempted to make Rwanda into a profitable colony and thus enforced a much harsher regime than under the Germans. Since much of the administration of this regime was carried out by the Tutsi an actual dynamic of tension was set in place that was to unfold throughout the twentieth century. The Belgian colonisers certainly helped to ensure, albeit unintentionally, that this dynamic became conflictual and violent. In the 1950’s signs of unrest amongst the Hutu population in reaction to their oppressed condition led the Belgian authorities to introduce a greater measure of equality between the Hutu and Tutsi. Moreover the growing confidence and deepened collective consciousness of the Hutu eventually resulted in a bloody overthrow by the Hutu of the Tutsi regime in 1959. From 1962 onwards the Hutu reversed the Tutsi dominance, often just as brutally as the regime that it replaced. By the 1990’s the Hutu and Tutsi were divided, at least, by divergent collective memories of the past, or in other words by conflicting ethnic identities. By way of conclusion to our summary of the effects of colonialism, we can say that the colonial control of Rwanda clearly established tensions that might not otherwise have existed, which had the effect of strengthening the ethnic self-consciousness of the Hutu and Tutsi (Mamdani, 2001). Though we have not yet established the degree to which ethnicity contributed to the genocide in Rwanda, it is clear that the tensions that were present in the early 1990’s were ethnic ones, even if they were only recently created. By this time the perceived cultural differences between the Hutu and Tutsi were not mere economic. The Genocide It is one thing to establish that the genocide occurred against a background of decades of ethnic strife, but quite another to claim this strife was the decisive factor in the genocide. To claim that ethnicity was the decisive factor in the genocide is perhaps to suppose that the genocide was spontaneous, that it was the rising to the surface of ethnic injustice and hatred whose will was carried out by the militia who slaughtered so many Tutsi, in such a short space of time. But perhaps this is what the perpetrators of the genocide would like us to believe. Perhaps it would be more accurate to claim, following the definition of Genocide outlined above, that the genocide was deliberate and planned and that the ethnic hatred, and thus the particular ethnicity that played a part was also deliberately cultivated for the purpose of carrying out genocide. There are several key factors here. Firstly whilst its scale was unprecedented in Rwanda, the genocide arguably began sometime before 1994. During the late 1980’s and early 1990’s a series of progroms were carried out. These were smaller scale brutal killing expeditions by Hutu militia, coordinated by the Hutu government, most probably in preparation for genocide on a much greater scale (Freeman, 1998). The Hutu government appeared to have arrived at the conclusion that the surest way to permanently secure its power base was the elimination of the Tutsi. The rhetoric of the regime during this period certainly seems to confirm this. But the Hutu suppression of the Tutsi during this period, under the leadership of Habyarimana, was not simply motivated by the desire to ethnically cleanse. Even though viscous ethnocentric rhetoric was employed the Hutu government were perhaps more fearful of the consequences of the pressure that was being brought on them by external powers for democratic reform and thus the i nclusion of the Tutsi. The progroms then, and the eventual genocide may be seen as an attempt to eliminate any threat to its power base before it was required to relent to pressure for democratic reform. Indeed, the introduction of democratic reform during the early 1990’s only further strengthened the Hutu governments cause. More press freedom and the establishment of new political parties only led to more pro-Hutu and more anti-Tutsi rhetoric. This rhetoric was also more specifically targeted against the Arusha accords which were supposed to establish a power-sharing arrangement with the Tutsi. To be sure, the chances for the success of the accords was diminished also by the invasions between 1990-93 of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) a Tutsi led militia force based in Uganda. However the fear amongst the Hutu elite that if the accords were realised they would lose their cultural and political positions was more decisively a factor in their racialisation of Rwanda politic s during the period before the genocide. The extent to which the Rwandan genocide was planned and thus the result of a power struggle rather, merely, than ethnicity, is evidenced by the events that led up to the genocide in the months before. On April 6th 1994 a plane carrying the president was shot down by a missile, killing everyone on board. But in the same day of the attack, Hutu militia were out on patrol checking the identities of all passers by if they were Tutsi they were brutally murdered with machete’s (Freeman, 1998: 49). The killing that ensued then was immediate and on a mass scale during a period of just 3 months. Estimates of the number of Tutsi killed ranged between 700,000 and 1 million. The apparent suddenness of the genocide as well as the inaction of the international community should not however, disguise the significant and not well concealed evidence that the genocide was planned even predictable. Indeed the attack on the presidents aeroplane is still shrouded in mystery. It is unclear who ca rried out the attack and some suspect that it may have been Hutu extremists concerned that the Hutu government would relinquish some of its power base to the Tutsi. And it should also be noted that the genocide was not just targeted at Tutsi but Hutu moderates. The relative absence of ethnicity as a factor in the summary above leaves out an important question however. How is it, if the genocide was a planned attempt by the Hutu elite to eliminate any potential threat to its power-base, that so many people participated in the genocide. However, only 10% of the Hutu population participated in the killings. The image that is often portrayed of the people killing their neighbours often obscures this statistic. It is true that Tutsi and Hutu lived in the same communities and spoke the same language and even married each other but one cannot make the further step that the genocide was the spontaneous eruption of ethnic hatred. Clearly, the events and origins of the genocide in Rwanda are highly contested. Indeed, it is important to include here the interpretation of the events offered by western governments and the western media. There is much evidence to suggest that both the U.S and France had the operational military capability to intervene ra pidly and decisively to halt the genocide. Furthermore the shooting down of the presidents plane has never properly been investigated, either by the U.N, American or Belgian authorities. Moreover Rwanda represents a massive failure on a number of fronts. The most blatant failure was clearly that of the United Nations for pathetically sending in peacekeeping troops that were merely able to stand by and watch the slaughter. Then there is the failure, and apparent inconsistency of the ‘American empire’ to decisively intervene despite its interventions elsewhere. And there is also the failure to prevent the genocide, to do anything about the preparations for genocide. Indeed, Rwanda was actually viewed as a model of development of an example of the success of international development aid. This is despite the substantial use of international aid for the funding Hutu militia and the luxurious lifestyles of the Hutu elite. From the perspective of these failed actors, or non-actors, it is certainly much more convenient either to understand what happened in Rwanda as ‘civil war’ or to understand it as a sudden eruption of ethnic tensions that defy easy explanation. Curiously, by laying the blame for the genocide at the door of colonialism the cultural studies, post-colonial explanation for the genocide in Rwanda actually ends up allying itself with the former colonial powers who apparently ‘powerless’ to intervene. Conclusion Whilst ethnicity is clearly a factor in the genocide in Rwanda, we need to be careful the way in which and the degree to which attribute this factor. Firstly, historically the Tutsi and Hutu have been divided along class rather than ethnic lines. Their differences do not take the form of ethnic differences in the European sense of the term. Secondly, whilst the colonial intensification of tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi created a consciousness of ethnicity that might not otherwise have existed we should be careful when attempting to trace the specific and brutal act of genocide to the legacy of colonialism. Thirdly, the years, months, days and hours that proceded the genocide suggest that it was planned and thus not a sudden eruption of ethnic tension and hostilities as is sometimes implied. Bibliography John A. Berry and Carol Pott Berry (eds.), Genocide in Rwanda:  A Collective Memory. Washington, DC: Howard University  Press, 1999. Charles Freeman, Crisis in Central Africa Hove: Wagland, 1998 Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become  Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. Obi Igwara, Ethnic Hatred: genocide in Rwanda London: ASEAN, 1995

Reading as a Psycho-Social Process.

Reading as a Psycho-social process. Every second of the day, people read messages from official communication, mass media and the Internet. Through the internet alone which is today’s most popular form of communication, people can read and interact immediately to e-mails, news and information web-sites, other forms of informational, commercial, political, development websites, as well as blog-sites which are interactive journals on all facets of modern living. Needless say, reading is a social activity that engages humans in the world.It is also purposeful social communication, as it involves all facets of life from what is private to what is official, from what is personal to once that is public. The workings of businesses, industries, schools, governments, foundations and international agencies like the United nations would be stalled without reading as a human activity. Imagine the load of messages that we would miss without reading personal e-mails and letters, newspaper n ews and commentaries, government documents, agency plans, international agency policies, etc.Reading is also professioncal as it is a form of communication done in all the professions and human pursuits including scientific and technological research and studies. A you graduate, you would want your prospective employers to read your job application paper, resume and samples of your written work. Read more in Education  « All About Glee 6th Grade Parenting Guide  » Also, reading is a unique activity which you can adopt every day.Speaking of reading as a skill like other skills such as dancing, writing, acting, sports is something you can continually improve upon. Countless hours have been spent in these other skills and so we should not be reluctant to accept the suggestion that our reading ability,too, needs constructive development. In sum, reading can mean the difference between the amateur and professional, as well as successful career person you wish to become.

Questions And Multiple Choice Questions - 1632 Words

There are a lot of types of assessment in medical education that students can be evaluated in different ways such as written assessments, oral examination, performances or workplace assessment and evaluation of attitudes. However, this assignment will focus on long essay questions and multiple choice questions (MCQs) in written assessments and oral examination only. Therefore, the purpose of this assignment can be divided into three parts. Firstly, the use of long essay format and MCQs in the specific conditions including the benefits and drawbacks of each will be discussed. Secondly, validity and reliability of MCQ exam will be tested. Finally, a case for using the oral examination will be presented in term of how to guarantee that the scoring is reliable. As for the first part, essay questions and MCQs can assess students’ knowledge regarding with recall, comprehension, reasoning and application of knowledge as problem-solving in cognitive domain (Anbar, 1991; Nendaz Tekian, 1999; Schuwirth van der Vleuten, 2013). Long essay questions are one of open-end questions that require a longer response from candidates. Students have to integrate their knowledge to identify the problems beneath the question posed, build a structure, present insight and give some coherent arguments and opinions (Brown et al., 1997). In dental education, the essay format can be used to ask students to describe the reasoning in clinical procedure or explain patient management in differentShow MoreRelatedMultiple Choice Questions on Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Choice: Read each question and select the correct answer. 1. A crisis interview would be appropriate to a. assess how family of origin influences a persons ability to handle a crisi s b. obtain a clearer understanding of a patients diagnosis c. assess whether a depressed client with frequent suicidal thoughts has formulated a detailed plan d. screen for a patients level of psychological functioning 2. A company wants to use a psychological test to screen for emotional stability for a sensitiveRead MoreCosts and Multiple-choice Questions1245 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. An individual’s value for a good or service is the: B. The amount of money he or she is willing to pay. 2. The biggest advantage of capitalism is that: D. It creates wealth by letting a person follow his or her own self-interest. 3. Wealth-creating transactions are more likely to occur: D. all of the above 4. Government regulation: A. provides incentives to conduct business in an illegal black market. 5. An example of a price floorRead MoreSustainability Multiple Choice Questions1540 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 23 Multiple Choice Questions Name: ____________________________________________________________ 1) The term sustainability refers to ________. A) maintaining resource use at current or higher levels B) keeping the natural environment and human society in a happy, healthy and functional state C) holding or increasing the current quality of human life D) always focusing on fulfilling short‑term needs E) opposing change from currentRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions on Accounting758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿19.The balance sheet reports: A. Net income at a point in time. B. Cash flows for a period of time. C. Assets and equities at a point in time. D. Assets and liabilities for a period of time. 20.Current assets include cash and all other assets expected to become cash or be consumed: A.Within one year. B.Within one operating cycle. C.Within one year or one operating cycle, whichever is shorter. D. Within one year or one operating cycle, whichever is longer. 21.Red Onion RestaurantRead MoreMultiple Choice, Binary Choice And Matching Questions Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Choice, Binary Choice, and Matching Questions My greatest strength in writing multiple choice, binary choice, and matching questions is creating scenarios for the multiple-choice. I enjoyed writing these scenarios by making up stories that are related to the content. I was also good at keeping track of what we have and what we needed to do. Another strength I had was in creating binary choice question because there is only one right answer. My greatest weakness was coming up with goodRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions Choose The Best664 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the best answer. 1. Arguments that try to prove their conclusions with rigorous, inescapable logic are __________. a. logically reliable b. inductive c. abductive d. deductive 2. An argument in which the conclusion is claimed to follow probably from the premises is __________. a. implicative b. inductive c. deductive d. none of the above 3. Which of the following is not a common induction indicator word or phrase? a. it logically follows that b. likely cRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions on Business Processes938 Words   |  4 PagesMGSC3317 Sample Quiz #2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An organization s process strategy A) will have long-run impact on efficiency and production. B) is the same as its transformation strategy. C) must meet various constraints, including cost. D) is concerned with how resources are transformed into goods and services. E) All of the above are true. 2) Three types of processes are A)Read MoreMultiple Choice Question Answers for Vb7391 Words   |  30 PagesMultiple Choice Questions 51. Which language is not a true object-oriented programming language? a.) VB.NET b.) VB 6 c.) C++ d.) C# e.) Java Answer: b Level: Easy Section: 6-1 Page: 107 52. A GUI: a.) uses buttons, menus, and icons. b.) should be easy for a user to manipulate. c.) stands for Graphic Use Interaction. d.) Both a and b. e.) All of the above. Answer: d Level: Moderate Section:Read MoreCapital Structure Multiple Choice Questions7430 Words   |  30 Pagesch. 16 question 15-1 CHAPTER 15 Capital Structure: Basic Concepts Multiple Choice Questions: I. DEFINITIONS HOMEMADE LEVERAGE a 1. The use of personal borrowing to change the overall amount of financial leverage to which an individual is exposed is called: a. homemade leverage. b. dividend recapture. c. the weighted average cost of capital. d. private debt placement. e. personal offset. Difficulty level: Easy MM PROPOSITION I b 2Read MoreFinance Test Multiple Choice Questions2546 Words   |  11 PagesMultiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _C___ 1. The process of finding present values is frequently called a. annualizing b. compounding c. discounting d. leasing __C__ 2. Finding the compound sum of $1,000 to be received at the beginning of each of the next 5 years requires calculating the a. future value of an annuity b. present value of an annuity c. future value of an annuity due d. present value of an annuity due

The Power of Habit - 848 Words

First off, we are creatures. We are animals. Were very sophisticated and good-looking and all that, but lets never forget that were made of flesh and blood. In particular, our brains are incredibly complex evolved machines. Our brains govern basic processes such as breathing and food intake, and also enable us to appreciate the finer points of John Cleeses performances in Fawlty Towers. As creatures, we have needs. We need to eat, and so we eat. As rather intelligent and social creatures, we like to chat with one another, and so we do. We take turns and finish our conversations gracefully. And there are dozens and dozens more behaviors that are just as complicated, if not more so. How on Earth do we get all of this done? Thats where†¦show more content†¦No writer feels like he is writing enough. We all watch too much television, spend too much time on Facebook, or waste our writing time doing other things. For beginning writers, the problem is especially acute. With no editor giving a deadline, no fans clamoring for the next installment, and no writing income, there is literally no incentive to write–at least not consistently. Beginners might write when they are â€Å"inspired,† but with so many other things pulling them away from the writing desk, how can they stick with it for the months and years it takes to carve out a writing career? On the other hand, most professional writers write every day. Not because they are inspired more often, not because they have more free time, and not because they are neglecting other parts of their lives. Pros write every day for one simple yet powerful reason. They’ve made it a habit. We tend to think of habits as bad (smoking, cussing, biting your fingernails) but they can also be good (walking the dog, oatmeal for breakfast, a weekly date with your spouse). THE POWER OF HABIT shows how easily habits form. They rely on three simple things–a cue, a routine, and a reward–and don’t take long to stick. Our brains love habits. They allow us to be efficient. They help us do things like drive a car without constant self-monitoring. Once we learn where the brake pedal is and how hard to press theShow MoreRelatedThe Power of Habit1958 Words   |  8 Pagessaving space and processing power. Thus, the formation of the habit. That autonomous routine that allows for more complex issues to take up the majority of our mental capacity. Whatever the inclination of the habits, good, bad or neutral, they are quickly established and take up a permanent residence in our minds. Creation of these habits is simple, it is choosing which to create that is not. Through the words and theories of Charles Duhigg, author of The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do inRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg978 Words   |  4 PagesMy Plan to Change My Habit In the Power of Habit, Charles Duhigg explains his theory of habit formation based on the habit loop. The habit loop is whenever a certain cue triggers your brain to go into a mode that automatically uses makes you follow certain patterns. This routine can be physical, mental or emotional. Then there is a reward, which helps your brain figure out if this particular loop is worth remembering for the future. We know a habit that we have good or bad is for a reason, butRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg1232 Words   |  5 Pagesit isn t always easy. But with time and effort, almost any habit can be reshaped,† Charles Duhigg writes in his book The Power of Habit. Whether a person realizes it or not, habits dictate their daily choices. Often, the choices made out of habit are not what the person really desires; they are just the easy way. They are a crutch†¦ something the person does out of ease or comfort without putting thought into it. At some point these habit s started out as a conscious decision, but eventually they becameRead MoreThe Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg830 Words   |  4 Pagesharmful wrongdoing. In The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg, he recounts a story in which a fatigued housewife named Angie Bachmann lost all of her family’s assets, amounting to a million dollars due to a gambling addiction. Every habit has three components: a cue or a trigger of an automatic behavior to start, a routine the behavior itself, and a reward which is how our brain learns to remember this pattern for the future. According to Duhigg, â€Å"you cannot extinguish a bad habit, you can only changeRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg1474 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes, but it made her happy. She can’t blame anyone else for her actions besides herself; it is Angie’s fault for her addiction. Their are more better things to do besides sitting at a table and throwing away all your money. In the article The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg, it read that, â€Å" it was 10:30am, her 3 daughters were gone, and Bachman had resorted again-taping a piece of paper over the kitchen clock to stop looking...When the clock hit twelve o’clock, she put on some makeup and nice dressRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg756 Words   |  4 Pagesdecided their future, they decide their habits, and these habits decide their future. A habit is a learned behavior repeated regularly, requiring small or no reasoning. Habits are created, are not obtained by inheritance, habits can transform themselves in needs. In addition, habits are not unique to people, organizations, to be made up of people, have habits also. There are right, and wrong habits; right habits normally are called as virtues, and wrong habits are called as vices. Undoubtedly, virtuesRead MoreThe Power Of Habit : Henry Molaison And Eugene Pauly1496 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone has at least one habit – whether it is good or bad – and unless someone else points it out, they almost never notice it. Such unconscious tasks exist thanks to â€Å"a nub of neurological tissue known as the basal ganglia† (Duhigg 13). However, scientists would never have learned that this part of the brain was responsible for the formation of routine were it not for two significant men: Henry Molaison and Eugene Pauly. In his book, The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and BusinessRead MoreEssay 21098 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Power of Belief in Habit Changing All of us have formed habits in our daily life. Even though some of these habits only exist in our subconscious and we cannot actually make sure whether they are real or only the conjectures. But it is undoubted that all of our behaviors are influenced by our desires on specific objectives. In the book, the power of habit, Charles Duhigg explained the definition of a habit as an effort-saving instinct. â€Å"When a habit emerges, the brain stops fully participatingRead MoreUnderstanding Change and Good Will Power744 Words   |  3 Pages Learning that setting goals is important for creating habits and willpower in doing this people can have a successful life. This willpower growth spread to others parts of their lives. As people overcome obstacles they can learn good will power and how to set goals. The majority of people understand that we are born with will power, but will power is learned. This willpower growth spread to others parts of their lives In 2006 two Australian researchers –Megan Oaten and Ken Cheng, did three experiments;Read MoreA Study On Computer Science1402 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage of users’ habits and human psychology to increase its revenue. Although this practice is the nature of the online marketing business to make profits, I totally disagree with this practice; Google should be clear in what data they receive from its users and sell to advertisers. In the book The Power of Habits, the author Charles Duhigg emphasizes how enormously our habits impact our daily lives. He indicates that 40 percent of our daily activities are a sequence of our habits (xii). According