US Supreme Court Decision Essay Example for Free

US Supreme Court Decision Essay An assessment of the United States Supreme Court case Romer v. Evans, which was chosen May 20, 1996, is to be advanced in this paper. The case was contended on October 10, 1995. At issue was Amendment 2 to the State Constitution of Colorado â€Å"which blocks all administrative, official, or legal activity at any degree of state or nearby government intended to ensure the status of people dependent on their gay, lesbian or androgynous direction, lead, rehearses or relationships† (Romer v. Evans, 1995). The U. S. Incomparable court held it abuses the Equal Protection Clause. The assessment in favor was recorded by Justice Kennedy, while the disagreeing sentiment was documented by Justice Scalia. The choice, Article II sec 30b of the Colorado Constitution, read as follows: NO PROTECTED STATUS BASED ON HOMOSEXUAL, LESBIAN, OR BISEXUAL ORIENTATION. Neither the State of Colorado, through any of its branches or offices, nor any of its organizations, political developments, regions or school locale, will establish, embrace or implement any resolution, guideline, statute or strategy whereby gay, lesbian or promiscuous direction, lead, practices, or connections will comprise or in any case be the premise of, or entitle any individual or class of people to have or guarantee any minority status, portion inclinations, ensured status or guarantee of segregation. This Section of the Constitution will be in all regards self-executing (Romer v. Evans, 1996). While many accepted the law would forestall non-government separation claims dependent on sexual direction just as forestall the entry or the upholding of existing laws forbidding such segregation, Amendment 2’s reason for existing was â€Å"generally conflicting with standard American values† (Debbage Alexander, pg. 264). The State of Colorado contended the â€Å"measure does close to deny gay people uncommon rights† (Romer v. Evans, 1995). This is a decades old contention that traditional Christian gatherings have utilized â€Å"to offer to a more extensive, increasingly common crowd by portraying the gay rights development as one planned for getting exceptional rights and secured status for gays and lesbians joined into social liberties law† (Debbage Alexander, pg. 273). Equity Kennedy writes in the conclusion in favor, â€Å"The States head contention that Amendment 2 places gays and lesbians in a similar situation as every single other individual by denying them uncommon rights is dismissed as implausible† (Romer v. Evans, 1995). Equity Kennedy further states how â€Å"Amendment 2 perplexes this typical procedure of legal survey. It is without a moment's delay excessively tight and excessively wide. It distinguishes people by a solitary quality and afterward denies them security over the board† (Romer v. Evans, 1995). The last section of Justice Kennedy’s conclusion announces: â€Å"We must presume that Amendment 2 characterizes gay people not to assist a legitimate administrative end however to make them inconsistent to every other person. This Colorado can't do. A State can't so regard a class of people an alien to its laws. Alteration 2 damages the Equal Protection Clause, and the judgment of the Supreme Court of Colorado is affirmed† (Romer v. Evans, 1995). While Justice Scalia writes as he would see it, Amendment 2 is a â€Å"modest endeavor by apparently open minded Coloradans to protect conventional socially acceptable sexual behaviors against the endeavors of a politically ground-breaking minority to overhaul those mores using the laws† (Romer v. Evans, 1995). While Justice Scalia has the privilege to his very own convictions viewing homosexuality and its legitimacy as an ensured class, numerous others don't share them. As Richard Mohr sees in Romer v. Evans: A Blow for Justice, â€Å"All or about every lawful weight on gays request straightforwardly or in a roundabout way to prejudice†. His article proceeds to portray how in 1996 this decision should influence two significant gay issues: gays in the military and gay marriage. At the point when adversaries can't give legitimate purposes behind their restriction it assumes â€Å"strongly held convictions for which one can offer no reasons or clarifications are by definition biased ones† (Mohr, para. 5). With the choice of the U.S. Incomparable Court, Romer v. Evans â€Å"marked a monstrously significant day for the gay rights development and a significant mishap for against gay rights activists of all persuasions† as indicated by Sharon Debbage Alexander’s article in the Winter 2002 issue of Texas Forum on Civil Liberties Civil Rights. Moreover, this case has gotten one of the most huge choices gave by the U.S. Preeminent Court concerning gay rights. Most of the individuals who have broke down Romer v. Evans imply the â€Å"fact that the case was won utilizing a judicious premise test adds to the quality of the choice for gay rights† (Debbage Alexander, pg. 297). Since the choice of Romer v. Evans, President Barack Obama has toppled the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† strategy inside our Armed Forces and gay marriage is as of now viable in two cases that have been heard at the U.S. Preeminent Court. In the wake of winning Boy Scouts of America v. Dale in 2000 ensuring the gatherings First Amendment expressive affiliation rights, as of late the administering body of the Boy Scouts of America casted a ballot to permit transparently gay scouts inside its enrollment, yet not as Scout Leaders. The significant issue of gay rights in America has at last arrived at the front line of open strategy and discussion. As in Romer v. Evans, I trust that the United States Supreme Court will manage against the State of California’s Proposition 8 and DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, to discover the two laws illegal. To the extent that to carry uniformity for all to these United States of America.

Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five - Essay Example The attention on Billy’s mindfulness makes a critical second in his character advancement. This disclosure makes ready for Billy to spread the Tralfamadorian gospel on earth. His acknowledgment of the impact of Febs on his mind shows a lot of mindfulness. The cooperation of Billy and the antiquarian in section nine exhibits the exchangeable idea of history and fiction. In spite of his deceptive accounts of time travel and outsider kidnapping, it is conceivable that Billy had been a fighter in World War II. My comprehension of the truth is befuddled by the things that Billy observes when he visits the book shop in Times Square. There are books by Kilgore Trout in the store’s window. The books talk about outsiders kidnapping a man. This is the most troublesome thing to comprehend in this novel since I am left to ponder whether it a fortuitous event that Billy takes a gander at the Trout book before he discusses his experience that is like what the book portrays. In the last part, the novel recommends that a fowl talk bodes well as the discussion of anybody about war. The issue of pride returns. Vonnegut discusses the adjusting intensity of death that brings respect at significant expense. He shows how the war has made peak

Project Feasibility Study Example

Project Feasibility Study Example Project Feasibility Study â€" Assignment Example > 7.0 References ……………………………………………………………………………………13Executive Summary 1.0 IntroductionThe main purpose of this document is to provide a feasibility study for the University security systems that are going to be implemented in a new building. The document will also address some of the controls that need to be considered for the project to turn out as a success. This particular security systems feasibility plan will also delineate on responsibilities and expected behaviors for the individuals who will be using the security systems in all sorts of ways. Therefore this security systems feasibility plan should be viewed as a documentation of the structured process that will be used to plan for adequate, cost effective security protection for human and tangible assets that will be found within the vicinity of the university building (CPI, 2008,p. 2). Each security plan is developed in accordance to the guidelines set forth by the university guide for establishing such security plans together with the applicable risk mitigation strategies. 2.0 Project Initiation 2.1 ObjectiveThe objectives of this particular brief are to outline the University security systems plan. Security systems here refer to the technological products that are used to safeguard unauthorized access and intrusion of the university buildings, or other tangible and non-tangible assets like information (Security Bureau, 2000, p. 3). This plan will mainly dwell on the security systems that are required within the university building. Our plan is going to be consistent with the entire campus wide plan pertaining to security system and security in general whereby this particular security systems plan has also been established in consultation with the campus chief information security officer (Fennelly, 2003, p. 106). In order for success to be achieved, this particular plan will be geared towards identifying potential security threats and d evising mitigation mechanisms before security breaches happen. This is so because proper security mechanism should safeguard personnel, prevent unauthorized access to equipments, facility, information, sabotage and damage by devising various active and passive measures (Roper, 1996, p. 1). 2.2 ScopeThe scope of this particular plan will focus on the below areas: College assets within the university building Safeguarding students and workers within the new building from crime and any other violent activity Student’s assets such as laptops and mobile phonesUniversity specific information such as student’s academic employment information Teaching and non-teaching staff information Technological infrastructure that support the computing needs of the new building 2.3 Approach The university is going to implement the following approach to ensure that there is compliance with security systems requirements. Identifying and tracking the security hazards. Identifying system security in stallation procedures and design criteria that are in line with the security philosophy established by the university to counter threats and vulnerabilities to the university. Interacting with design engineers throughout the entire design stage of any new facility being established in order to ensure that sound security concepts are involved. Elaborate plan of specific tasks which will encourage receiving of feedback in the best manner possible so that they may be included into designing and manufacturing at the early stages in order to avoid delaying the plan and incurring additional costs. Interacting with Project managers during the project phases in order to ensure that the unit designs integrate properly with the overall system security requirements. Acquiring products that are certified with relevant bodiesGoing for products that are energy efficient so that we may have a “green campus” Testing the main system together with its modules including all the security aspects D ocumenting the project phasesMonitoring the security systems program (Smith, 2008, p. 5).

Why Mindfulness Meditation Gaining So Much Popularity Essay

Why Is Mindfulness Meditation Gaining So Much Popularity in the West? By Charles A Francis | Submitted On March 26, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Charles A Francis If you re new to meditation, you know how hard it is to learn how to meditate properly. With all the different forms of meditation and books on the market, it s almost impossible for the beginner to figure out where to start. In this article, we re going to look at why mindfulness meditation has become so popular in recent years. This will help you understand why it s so effective in helping practitioners find true happiness and inner peace. What Exactly is Mindfulness Meditation? Mindfulness meditation is a secular form of meditation that has its roots in insight meditation--the oldest form of meditation the Buddha taught over 2,500 years ago. The main goal is to attain freedom from suffering. This is accomplished by developing self-awareness, or mindfulness, because it is our inaccurate views of the world that trigger our negative emotions. Growing up we learned that in order to be happy we had to indulge in positive emotions, and avoid negative emotions. The problem with this approach isShow MoreRelatedThe Therapeutic Benefits Of Yoga And Mindfulness Meditation3027 Words   |  13 PagesThe Therapeutic Benefits of Yoga and Mindfulness Meditation We live in a world today in which we are continuously looking for the â€Å"new thing.† With the speed of technological advances in our society, individuals have become accustomed to reading up on the newest, most-innovative-to-date jet plane, new shoes with new technology for speed and agility, and, of course, new iPhones coming out twice a year with cool new applications. The common word here is ‘new’ and it is a simple syllable that hasRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION

Warning Signs on Professional Writing Paper You Need to Be Aware Of

Warning Signs on Professional Writing Paper You Need to Be Aware Of What is Truly Going on with Professional Writing Paper Conciseness and Brevity Business writing must be succinct. Writing quality essays is the principal use of our services. It can be very personal. Writing for the internet is a totally different proposition. You will delight in learning and working with practical rules that are relevant to typical small business writing. Your even modest experience of writing will be also very helpful. When you've gained some posts you'll be able to start new threads where you are able to then start looking for clients based on your strengths. Furthermore, you are going to learn about listening skills and the way in which they relate to written communication. What Does Professional Writing Paper Mean? Formal writing is frequently the most difficult to write, but the simplest to read as a result of the information being presented in a format that could stand alone without further clarification. If you would like to finish a superior high quality paper, you should be prepared to conduct research and offer an in-depth analysis of the set of rules that is called the Constitution. You might now give examples from the report to back up your assessment. A formal referencing style ought to be used. A run-on sentence includes two independent clauses which are incorrectly separated by just a comma. You only have to be careful you don't choose to offer an example that's 800 words long. If you employ the word not, it has to only be in instances of clear denial or antithesis. It's also wise to avoid repeating the exact same words in your writing. Vital Pieces of Professional Writing Paper Anytime you build a new skill, you must study it. Spending a while to enhance your writing can lead to a marked improvement in your hireability and promotional prospects. Whether you operate a small company or occupy a little corner of the org-chart at a huge multinational corporation, odds are that the majority of your job is composed of communicating with others, most often in writing. If you're among the many individuals in business for whom writing has never been a big concern, you ought to know that a deficiency of writing skills is a greater and increased handicap with each passing ye ar. There's nobody right method to write, and there's nobody formula for writing. It's best in case you have another set of eyes to go over your work and be certain there are simply no mistakes. It's quite easy to use together with self explanatory. Knowing the purpose a bit of writing serves gives you a feeling of direction. Most article writers open with that sort of introduction, then launch right in their solutions. In case you have any further questions, please feel free to get in touch with me. Moreover, writing past the daily email or report is getting more important for professionals. In case the author is expecting financial compensation because of his writing, then locating a site that pays him requires a great deal of research in locating the correct website. If you're somewhat uncertain of what the paper's focus is going to be, conducting an extensive field of research can be helpful in narrowing a topic and selecting a particular region of preference. Research on various types of legal systems The Constitution essay outline will enable you to organize your essay the most suitable way, not missing a detail. Every bit of writing should be correctly formatted to maximize efficiency. If you still have any issues with your paper, probably it's the time to consider some writing experts for hire. An article review isn't any different from a critique. By this time, you fully understand the guide. Our follow-up post provides some extra tips. Your image for a writer particularly in the last document is covered through proofreading practice. If you wish to be an expert writer, you require a Web site which works for you. In case the editor does not react, then move ahead of time and follow the exact same with the next ezine in the list. Select an author's style you enjoy the most. It's acceptable to be a bit repetitive in professional writing. Communicate The ideal thing about freelance writers is they can communicate for you. Don't forget to prevent plagiarism you will need to cite any ideas which do not come from you. Firstly, you're going to need a great style if you should develop into a fantastic writer.

An Overview of eLogistcs Free Essays

Essay on overview of e-logistcs . 1. Introduction With e-commerce, the rapidly unfolding and modern logistics is increasingly due to develop in depth the concept of e-logistics . We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of eLogistcs or any similar topic only for you Order Now I refers to the use of electronic means, in particular the use of internet technology to complete the entire process of logistics coordination, control and management. The purpose of e-logistics is in the logistics organization,electronic transactions, services,management, logistics business activities,so quickly and easily achieve the speed of logistics, safe , reliable and low cost. Traditional logistics generally refers to products manufactured after the packaging, transportation, handling , storage . [pic] (Fig 1) E-logistics can also be referred to as logistics electronic logistics information , I refers to the use of electronic means , in particular the use of Internet technology to complete the entire process of logistics coordination , control and management, and all the middle of the front end from the network to the final client process services. The most notable feature is the application of a variety of software and the integration of logistics services . The purpose of e-logistics is the logistics organization , electronic transactions, services , management and logistics business activities quickly and easily in order to achieve the speed, safely, reliable and low cost. [pic] To compare. The main features of e-logistics is the integration of front-end services and back-end services . Many dealers are faced with the problem of the combination of front-end customer order management, customer relationship management and back-end inventory management , warehousing management and transportation management . differences between e-logistics and traditional logistics e-logistics and traditional logistics’ biggest difference is in the information use. In traditional logistics, the information in different member or different departments . The information transparency, timeliness and low cost. E-logistics advantage is internet technology to form a comprehensive logistics information management system. [pic] By comparison. The E-logisti cs specialization , especially in information processing technology, to really uses’ the integrated value of the logistics information . Transparency of information enabling customers to their own logistics information processing according to the needs of their own personalized anytime, anywhere . The continuity of logistics information to further optimize the development of the logistics of the enterprise . 4. example 7 – Eleven convenience store is now the world’s largest retail network operators and is recognized as a model of convenience stores in the world. In addition to its advanced management and brand marketing to support its rapid development , another important factor is the strong rear logistics support system. 7-11 is a shop in the high-density concentration of the specific area strategies and centralized logistics program . This program each year save 10% of the original price of goods costs. 7-11 chain is generally only 100 – 200 square meters size, has provide 2000 – 3000 kinds of food . There are food from different suppliers. Each food shortage or surplus . Transport and storage requirements are also different . at any time according to the different needs of the customer can adjust the variety of goods , all the requirements of high demands to the logistics chain. Regional centralization strategy is relatively concentrated in a certain area to open more stores and shops to be in this region reach a certain number , and then gradually extended to build stores in areas . The distribution center has a computer network distribution system, connected with suppliers and 7-11 stores . In order to ensure constant goods distribution centers will generally retain about four days of inventory based on past experience . At the same time , the center’s computer system receive periodic inventory report every day for various shops and goods report . The distribution center focus of these reports analysis , and finally form a picture of the orders issued to different vendors , computer network to the provider , the supplier will be scheduled within center delivery of goods . -11 distribution centers in receipt of all goods , respectively, packaged goods to various shops , waiting to be sent,The next morning, the delivery vehicle will be filed out from the distribution center , select road delivery to shops in their area . The entire distribution process daily cycle. 7-11 can keep track of goods in transit , inventory, goods , and other data , additional information on the financial information and suppliers can grip into the hands of these data are crucial for a ret ail business . -11 currently has achieved worldwide at different temperatures with the distribution system, and set a different distribution of temperature for different categories of goods. In addition to the distribution equipment , food distribution time and frequency will have different requirements . For food there are special requirements , such as ice cream , 7- 11 bypass distribution centers, delivery vehicles early in the evening three times directly from the manufacturer, the door pulled the various shops . Implemented for the general commodities 7-11 is the distribution system three times a day , 3:00 am to 7:00 distribution the day before the evening production of food products in general , from 8:00 am to 11:00 distribution the night before the production of special foods such as milk , fresh vegetables also belong , 15:00 to 6:00 the morning of delivery the same day the production of food , such day , the distribution frequency of three times to ensure the store does not stock the same time , to ensure the freshness of food . In order to ensure that the supplier of each store ‘s foolproof , distribution center , a special distribution system and the distribution of three times a day with . Each store will be met at any time some special cases resulting in out of stock , and then only to an emergency call to the distribution center , distribution center will be the safety stock to store emergency delivery, safety stock have been exhausted , the center turned to supply emergency cargo , and sent to the shortage of shops in the hands for the first time . -11 have been able to give full play to the characteristics and advantages of the e-logistics , they are able to in-depth understanding of marketing strategies. 5. convlusion Through research I found that the electronic logistics in Europe and the United States and Japan and South Korea and other developed economies has been more widely used, particularly , with the development of electronic commerce , e-logistics development trend . Third-party logist ics development in this direction . How to cite An Overview of eLogistcs, Essay examples

Willy Essays - Death Of A Salesman, English-language Films, Biff

Willy Loman Character It is every father's dream for their children to grow up and lead a better life than they did and provide for their family better. Willy Loman was no exception to the rule, because he wanted the best for his children from a very young age, especially for his promising son Biff. Biff was loaded with potential as a boy in high school, and Willy recognized it and promoted it more than he needed to. Although Biff sees his life as not a complete failure, his monstrous adolescent potential transformed into years of failure, and blame for this must be put on the shoulders of his father. As the old adage goes, "like father like son." This could be attached to the relationship between Willy and Biff but some would contend that it would be taking a lot away from Willy. While many of his tactics on raising his children were skewed, it is conceivable to say that he worked as hard as he could to provide for his family. He was never afraid of work. No matter how terrible he was at it he was always able to convince himself he was good, which helped him earn the money his family needed. Of all the terrible things, though, that Biff took from his father hard work was not one of them. Hard work is something that Biff can never say he was a part of. He always looked for the easy way out and when he found it he took it. People will contend that Biff is not a failure only because Willy messed up raising him. They would say that Willy may not have been the best father but it was Biff who made the decisions that ruined his own life. Decisions that Willy had no control over. Is that really true though? Willy had a complete influence on those decisions because the only ways in life Biff knew were the ones that he was shown growing up by his father. As a star football player in high school, Biff had it all. As Happy unmistakably said, "he has a group of girl's following him everywhere, now that he's captain." Growing up Biff idolized his father, and the attention was returned from Willy to him. Willy saw his son as a child who could do no wrong. Willy pushed him to have a "conquer the world" attitude which he thought would push him to success. It was a selfish action though because Willy wanted Biff to succeed only so he could feel as though he had done a good job raising him. Unbridled potential like Biff had, sometimes needs to be allowed to develop on its own and not be prodded and urged the way Willy did. Obviously Biff did not respond to the pressure and stress that Willy put him under at a young age so his talents and ability were wasted throughout his whole life. Willy's downfall as a parent was not that he wasn't interested or involved in his son's life, but rather his neglect to see what Biff needed from his father. From his youth as well, Biff was influenced by Willy regarding illegalities such as stealing and lying. Willy felt as though Biff should, and could, make his own rules for life. When he stole a football from the team he was praised rather than scolded by his father. Willy thought, "coach will probably congratulate you on your initiative." He let Biff drive without a license as well as encouraging him to steal from a nearby construction site. Willy was ignorant to that fact that Biff was a different person than he was. Willy was so caught up in the fact that his set of morals (or lack there of) was successful that he preached them to Biff, where in fact the only reason Willy saw them as successful was because he was so optimistic/unrealistic in looking at his own life. As a result of incident like these Biff never learned right from wrong, which haunted him later in life. Biff spoke so beautifully and eloquently about the Dakotas and Texas, that it seemed as though those were places he could succeed in and spend the rest of his life in prosperity. However, he was not able to hold down jobs in those areas because of stealing incidents. Had steeling been discouraged or even not been promoted in his life from an early age he might have been able to settle down in an

buy custom Fundamentals of Financial Management essay

buy custom Fundamentals of Financial Management essay Business organizations refer to the various kinds of business that individuals pursue. They could be partnerships, sole proprietorship, and joint stock companies. Their characteristics range from ownership to management. Small businesses refer to businesses that require little capital to start and have limited resources. Businesses have both aims and objectives. Aims refer to the expected changes that come about due to reaching the desired results. On the other hand, objectives refer to the processes and steps these businesses undertake in order to reach their goals and ultimately achieve the changes projected. This essay explicates various issues relating to businesses. A sole proprietorship is one of the types of business organizations. This is a business started and owned by one individual. Brigham and Houston (2009 pp100) refer to sole-proprietorships as family businesses where the family members support the owner in his work. This type of business requires little capital to start, and the owner could start it from personal savings over a long period. A partnership is another business organization. This is a business formed by two or more people known as partners. The partners come together because of common business interests and common goals. According to Hall et al. (2008 pp 94) they formulate a partnership deed, which outlines the various rules governing the functioning of the partnership and the rights of each partner. A Partnership Act that is imposed upon the partners by the authorities in case they fail to formulate a partnership deed. They are thus required to follow the rules as outlined in the partnership Act. The main source of capital is the contribution by members. Joint stock companies refer to business organizations that have artificial, human characteristics. They require large amounts of capital to start. The capital is generated through the issue of shares to the public. A sole proprietorship business has several characteristics. Firstly, it operates on a small scale. These means its operations are limited to a small area and scale. They are owned and managed by one individual who oversees all the activities. Lastly, they operate with limited capital, which limits their further expansion. According to Brigham and Houston (2009 pp 117), partnership businesses have various characteristics. For instance, the start-up capital is made available through partners contributions as agreed. It is managed by according to the agreement of partners. The partners share out their responsibilities based on their respective areas of specialization. Characteristic attributable to joint stock companies include management by a Board of Directors, which is the body that ensures that the various issues toward achievement of goals are addressed effectively. In addition, companies have a larger capital base that is contributed by the public through subscription to the issued shares. A business could be started because of various reasons. Individuals start businesses in order to create employment to both themselves and others. This view is vital as it helps reduce the level of unemployment in the country and the society. Businesses are started because of the desire for one to become an own boss. People want self-governance and independence.Individual start businesses because they wish to make profits. This is the main objective of starting businesses. Individuals always want to earn a return on their investments and generate extra cash that would be used for other investments. Competitive advantage refers to the enormous advantages that one business has over others in its business environment due to various matters such as a strategic location. Brigham and Houston (2009 pp 117) assert that competitive advantage is strategic to a business, and it is achieved when the business stands out among the rest in the operating environment and ultimately make enormous profits. Pricing refers to cost at which products are sold. Small businesses charge different prices with various objectives. Some charge high prices with a view to earn supernormal profits and generate enough cash for continued operations. Pricing is a vital aspect that needs to be properly analyzed before being settled upon. Small business that price their commodities and services fairly in the market would develop a competitive advantage over those, which price their products at the highest prices. Fair pricing by some small businesses wins them more customers over their competitors hence a competitive advantage. The quality and the kind of product offered leads to a competitive advantage. Other factors that relate to products such as packaging and the quantities at which they are sold are determining factors for a business to develop a competitive advantage. In addition, businesses that offer products that are unique to the business environment will develop a competitive advantage due to the uniqueness of their products. Place refers to the situation of the business. It is vital to consider the appropriate location before setting up a small business. Kennedy (2005 pp 124) observes that small businesses that are located in places with large populations enjoy a competitive advantage over their competitors who could be located in sparsely populated areas. This is because of the large number of people who form the customer base. Businesses located in peaceful areas free from violence enjoy a competitive advantage over competitors in polarized locations. This is because peace provides a supportive environment for business growth and development. Promotional factors refer to factors that tend to improve and increase the marketability of a business products. Businesses that engage in vigorous promotional strategies through advertising would develop a competitive advantage over their competitors who do not promote the marketability of their products. Customer loyalty is achieved through promotions hence competitive advantage. This would be an advantage as the business would make more profits and a larger customer base compared to the one that does not engage in promotional activities. There are various types of small businesses. They include retail, small businesses such as shops that sell goods to customers at various points. Another vital type of small business is the service business such as cycle repair. This involves providing services on a small scale. In addition, small businesses could be small manufacturing firms that operate on a small scale. The growth of a small business refers to the steps a business undergoes to reach the desired profitability level. Kennedy (2005 pp 134) observes thaat growth is seen in terms of output. If a business is able to deliver larger amounts of output, then it is perceived to be growing. Small businesses also grow by attracting and retaining new customers. Through this, enough funds for growth would be acquired, and the business will forge forward to achieve its goals. A company would grow if it were able to sell more shares to the public hence raising adequate finances. The finances would see its growth to desired levels. In addition, it needs proper management. Small businesses face various challenges in their growth. For instance, they are limited by inadequate funds. Most of them are not able to grow further due to the limited capital to finance the further desired growth. The lack of adequate funds retards growth. Poor management limits the growth of small businesses. Poor management would lead to poor planning and control of the business. According to Hall et al. (2008 pp 100) the poor decisions resulting from their managers are a hindrance to their ultimate growth because of the uncalculated decisions that would lead to loss of the invested capital. Aggressive competitors hinder their growth. These form a major hindrance to growth of small businesses because of the threats they offer. In addition, competitors make the other businesses unable to access their customers. The aggressive level of competition is, in fact, likely to lead to the collapse of the small business as they are driven out of the market. It would totally choke small businesses restricting their further growth. Aims refer to the desired changes that could come about due to the achievement of certain desired results. Aims are seen in terms of the changes desired. A business would aim at achieving a new item into the organization that could change its position in the market Kennedy (2005 pp 120) assert that a business could aim at increasing the number of people who use a given product. This would be judged from the way the number of people who use a given commodity would change. If the number increases as per the business aim, then the desired change would have been achieved. In addition, a business could set an aim that states that all individuals must have acquired the necessary skills for performance of duties. The actual change is the acquisition of the results and increased performance. On the other hand, objectives refer to the processes that must be undertaken in order to achieve a change. They are defined and strictly adhered to for the proper achievement of the desired change. A practical example relating to objectives could be to train employees on how to use the new equipment. This process must be undergone before the actual change that would involve the acquisition of skills is reached. In addition, a company could have an objective that state that they wish to promote sales. The process of sales promotion is the objective but the final change would be increased profitability. In conclusion, a business organization refers to the type of business an individual engages in. They range from a sole proprietorship, partnerships, and joint stock companies. Small businesses refer to businesses that require little start- up capital and managerial skills. Their growth is hampered by factors such as limited capital, poor management, and aggressive competition. They need to be guarded for proper attainment of their business aims. Buy custom Fundamentals of Financial Management essay

Online Physical Education for Homeschoolers

Online Physical Education for Homeschoolers If you went to public school, you probably remember PE classes. There was calisthenics in the gym and kickball in the field.  Physical education  at home is  easy when your students are  elementary age.  We need them to expend their excess energy as much as they do, so a bike ride  around the block or a trip the neighborhood playground is  a regular occurrence. As kids get older, their desire to get outdoors may wane.  Added to that is  the fact that many states and umbrella schools require at least one PE credit in high school. Many homeschool parents may find themselves at a loss as to how to effectively meet the requirement, particularly if their children aren’t involved in organized sports. What Is Online Physical Education? Despite the name, online physical education classes take place in the real world, not on a computer screen. Thirty states allow their public school students - usually middle school or high school - to take PE online, according to fitness expert Catherine Holecko. Some public and private online PE programs are open to homeschoolers as well. Online PE usually consists of a computer-based portion and an activity portion. The computer portion can involve learning about physiology,  completing writing assignments on different parts of the body and various exercises, and taking tests. The real-life portion is often up to the student. Some use sports theyre already involved in, others add walking, running, swimming, or other activities to their schedule. Students are usually  required to monitor what theyre doing, either with technology like a heart-rate monitor or pedometer or by keeping records that they  submit with their other class materials. The Pros of Online PE For public school students, online PE allows them to fulfill their physical education requirement outside of regular school hours. That frees up more time during the school day for other subjects. Similarly, for homeschooled students an online PE course allows teens to take a self-directed approach to physical education, allowing the teaching parent more time to focus on other subjects and siblings. Online PE also allows homeschoolers to  have supervision by trained physical education professionals without the need to join a gym or seek a private instructor. For kids who are already involved in sports or other  physical activity, online PE adds a written component that might be covered only briefly or not at all by real-world coaches. Online PE courses also offer a health component which may satisfy state or umbrella school requirements. Both public school and homeschool students also get the chance to get credit for sports that may not be part of a traditional physical education program, such as roller blading, surfing, ballet, or equestrian sports. The Cons of Online PE Students who have taken it say online PE isnt easy. In some programs, students must complete certain goals, no matter how long it takes them. They are also all held to the same standards, regardless of their ability, conditioning, strengths, or weaknesses. Students who choose to do activities on their own dont get the same level of supervision and instruction as kids who take a real-world class. They dont have a coach who can monitor their progress and give feedback on their form. They may be tempted to embellish their activity records - although programs often require parents to verify their childrens reports. Where to Find Online PE Programs for Homeschoolers Florida Virtual School, the first and largest online public school in the United States, offers individual classes in Personal Fitness, Fitness Lifestyle and Design, and other Physical Education topics. Florida residents may take the classes for free, but they are also available on a tuition basis to students who live outside the state. The courses are approved by NCAA. Carone Fitness is an accredited school and provider of online health and PE courses for grades K-12 and higher education. Options include adaptive PE and homebound courses. Students set individual goals, participate in a weekly exercise program, and receive one-on-one feedback from an instructor. Family Time Fitness is a company founded specifically for homeschoolers, although it is also available through some public schools. Its physical education programs consist mainly of printable lesson plans and videos, although parents also get reminder emails and access to supplemental downloads and online webinars. Updated by Kris Bales

Starting with approximately 1900 and going to the present, how has Essay

Starting with approximately 1900 and going to the present, how has international relations changed over this period Identify th - Essay Example (Devetak, Burke and George) The era starting from the 1900 till present witnessed a systematic change in the international relations and the overall role of states within the overall global scene. From the rise of the nation-state to the emergence of sole superpower of the world, international relations drastically changed. The advancement in the technology and improvement in the military power coupled with global power of large corporations, international relations are not what they used to be in the 19th century. There has been a gradual shift towards redefining the roles and responsibilities of major nations along with that of the other nations. This paper will discuss and explore as to what changed in international relations since 1900. This paper will explore as to what were the major changes and the causes of such changes taking place at the global stage of international relations. International Relations since 1900 Starting with 1900, Germany started to emerge as one of the le ading players in the world stage. With increasing military power, it started to engage with Britain and France, two of the other most important players in the international arena. ... The rise of Germany resulted into the wars between the European superpowers which also resulted into the weakening of the power of the European States. The Balkan Wars, the Bosnian crisis, the outbreak of first and Second World War has created significant change in the international relations. The period after 1919 is considered as an important period in which the World actually made a transition into a new era owing to the efforts of Woodrow Wilson. The creation of League of Nation is considered as one of the most important change in the international relations as it signaled a systematic introduction of the role of global institutions in the overall domain of international relations. The League of Nations started a new direction in the international relations wherein institutions like League of Nations and subsequently United Nations become significant influencing authorities in international relations. (Lawson) It is also important to note that with the weakening of the European P owers due to World War II has resulted into creation and independence of new countries in the world. This has further increase the number of regional players to dominate the regional politics as well as influence the international politics. Countries like India emerged in the mid of the 1900 and quickly became the regional powers with the ability to withstand the pressure from the bigger superpowers of the world. The increase in the number of independent countries has also resulted into further conflicts at the regional level. The issue of Middle East and Palestine emerged as one of the important issues involving many regional as well as global players. Besides, the conflict between India and Pakistan and subsequently between India and China also

Foreign Economics and National Economics Council Essay

Foreign Economics and National Economics Council - Essay Example If such legislation is passed, the manufacturing industry would be revived, unemployment would reduce, and the government would reduce expenditure on insurance for unemployment and social security. In case the bill is approved, the United States will not have contravened the provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which provides that members can take any action that is intended to protect its security interests1. It is the department’s position that although these arguments hold considerable weight, the negative effects of such legislation will by far outweigh the positives. One of the anticipated negative effects is that these countries, mostly China will retaliate by imposing their own duties on the United States. For example, in 2009, the United States imposed a tire tariff on Chinese tires thus reducing the influx of these tires into the country and saving approximately 900,0002. The Chinese responded by exercising antidumping duties on American chicken parts. The antidumping duties cost the United States approximately 1 billion dollars3. Although more jobs will be created in the manufacturing industry, a same number of people, if not more, will lose their jobs in the retail industry. In addition, if the import tariff is imposed, the manufacturing industry will become crowded with everyone wanting to be a manufacturer, as a result, the quality of products will reduce and the cost of raw materials will go higher. As such, the protected products are bound to cost more if domestic production is inefficient or if the cost of buying raw materials is higher than before, meaning that the United States will not benefit from these tariffs. On a political front, the relationship between the United States and China will be strained thus derailing the effort by the former to get the latter to convince North Korea to do away with nuclear weapons. As Rosati & Scott write, since North Korea borders China, the support of

Ethnicity and Genocide in Rwanda

Ethnicity and Genocide in Rwanda Tracing the origins of a genocide is a treacherous undertaking. If simply recording the facts can be difficult, due to the chaotic and brutal disregard of human existence and culture, then tracing the social, cultural and political origins/causes is highly problematic. If the interpreter chooses to trace these origins to the distant past, by considering peculiar cultural developments and tensions then he/she can be accused of absolving those who were actively involved in the genocide of the responsibility that should be attributed to them. If on the other hand, the interpreter chooses merely to concentrate on the motivations of those involved then this can be at the expense of a broader understanding of the circumstances that enabled such motivations to flourish. This dilemma certainly confronts efforts to explain the most notorious genocide in human history, in Germany during the second world war. Hannah Arendt for example, asked us, disturbingly, to think of Eichman as just a burea ucrat trying to do the best for his career and family as a creation of the dark side of modernity. In attempting to explain a more recent, equally brutal, genocide in Rwanda in 1994 we are once again confronted by the interpretive dilemma described above. In the case of Rwanda the issue for those attempting to explain why almost 1 million people were murdered in the space of just a few months, has been the extent to which ethnicity was the decisive factor. Was it ethnic tension and rivalry that erupted, horrifically, into the mass killing of a minority ethnic group by another majority ethnic group? If so then how did such viscous ethnic tension emerge? Was it an artificial creation of colonial rule, that was very likely to eventually end in violent conflict? Or were ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi the deliberate construction of power groups bent on the annihilation of their enemies, their competitors for power. And to what extent were these tensions class based rather than ethnic? In the following essay I shall show how there is more at stake in assessing the contributi on of ethnicity to the genocide in Rwanda than the degree to which ethnicity was a factor. Moreover, it is very clear that ethnicity played a part but the key issue is when, who, how and for what purpose was ‘ethnic’ division created? Our answers to these questions will lead us to the very meaning of the ethnicities themselves. Ethnicity and Genocide Before we can begin to address the particular case of Rwanda however we should clarify what will be meant by both ethnicity and genocide. The term ethnicity is usually employed to refer to the identity of a group of people who share a particular geography, language, history, religion, habits and customs that can be distinguished from other such groups. Whether this identity is ‘imaginary or real’, as Obi Zgwanda notes, is irrelevant. What matters is that there is a perception of ethnic differences and that this perception guides the actions and interactions of those who hold to them. It is important also to note here that ethnicity is a social identity that is not necessarily confined by, or the product of, precise geographical boundaries. Indeed Africa is a good example of a region that consists of many ethnicities that pre-date the establishment of geographical boundaries. Moreover, just because a certain social identity is not geographically demarcated against another social identity, it’s other, does not mean that the social identity in question is any less describable as ethnic (Igwara, 1995: 7) The term genocide requires a much more formal definition. This is because there often seems to be some confusion between killing that is motivated by ethnic hatred and the deliberate, planned attempt to eliminate a certain ethnic group which is what we shall understand to be genocide. The distinction is important because it is much easier to understand the socio-historical causes of violence between ethnic groups than it is to trace the socio-historical legacy that led to genocide. In other words, there may exist ethnic tensions or competing ethnicities but it is a big step to then understand them as the key contributing factor in genocide. And once we recognise that genocide is planned and deliberate then we also have to take into account the motivations of the planners of the genocide. In other words, we need to consider the extent to which ethnicity was manipulated by actors bent on the paranoid accumulation of power and wealth. Hutu and Tutsi as ethnicities? Hutu and Tutsi are the two main ethnic groupings in Rwanda. But are they really distinct ethnic groupings. After all, they share the same language and customs and are not divided by religion either. Indeed, they also share the same geography. The Hutu, who are the majority group, have been historically distinguished, most significantly, merely by their occupation as farmers of the land whereas Tutsi are mainly cattle farmers. To be sure this is an important difference, in that ownership of cattle has traditionally been thought of as the chief measure of status. There are some who believe that Tutsi and Hutu can be distinguished also by appearance but then there are others still who believe that this is mythical, a social imagination of former Tutsi rule which explains why they are thought to be taller. In any case, the pre-twentieth century history of Tutsi and Hutu suggest that the two groups were different not as ethnicities as such but as two layers of a caste system. This would perhaps explain why prior to the twentieth century the Hutu and Tutsi coexisted relatively peacefully; certainly if the cultural and economic hierarchy between Tutsi and Hutu was internalised as a natural order within the social identities of the two groupings. Indeed, to describe the Hutu and Tutsi as ethnicities may indeed be a Eurocentric way of classifying the differences between the two groups that wants to divide up the world into distinct ethnicities, much in the way that nations are divided up. To put the point differently, it is rather like understanding the middle and working classes in Britain as separate ethnicities. To conclude this section, if the genocide carried out by Hutu against Tutsi is to be understood in terms of ethnicity then the ethnicity we are referring to must surely be a recent creation and therefore, perhaps less decisive as a factor? Colonialism and the construction of ethnicity It is now widely recognised that colonial rule of Africa, and other parts of the world, created tensions that otherwise might not have existed. There are two key reasons for this effect. Firstly, the dividing up of Africa by European powers in the 19th and early 20th century created artificial boundaries which subsequently became states, and which would later become the subject of dispute and violent conflict. Secondly, and more significantly in the case of Rwanda colonialism imposed what is called the settler/native dialectic. The settler/native dialectic did not just impose a hierarchy it established an altered consciousness in which social identities were relative to the superiority of the colonist (Mamdani, 2001). Moreover, consent to colonial rule was imposed not just through force but through a kind of cultural assimilation in which the native was encouraged to aspire to the cultural and economic superiority of the settler. This surely had the effect of heightening tensions bet ween groups that were privileged or marginalised within this dialectic thus feeding a key ingredient of ethnicity, namely otherness (Mamdani, 2001) German control of Rwanda up until the first world war certainly followed the logic of colonialism described above. Throughout German occupation the dominance of the Tutsi was further institutionalised through administrative and economic structures. And the enforcement of a tax regime meant that the Tutsi were both partly responsible for and beneficiaries of the collection and allocation of revenue. However, it was Belgian colonialism that had the most significant impact on relations between Hutu and Tutsi, and the social construction of ethnic identity in Rwanda. There are several key factors here. Firstly, after taking control of the colony after world war one, the Belgian authorities introduced formal ethnic identification. Every Rwandan was forced to carry identity cards stating their ethnic identity, i.e Hutu or Tutsi. Placed alongside the continued support for the Tutsi elite and the explicit belief that the Tutsi were superior to the Hutu, physically and culturally, this surely had the effect of polarising the ‘ethnic’ contrast between the two groups (Igwara, 1995: 46) Worse still, the Belgian authorities attempted to make Rwanda into a profitable colony and thus enforced a much harsher regime than under the Germans. Since much of the administration of this regime was carried out by the Tutsi an actual dynamic of tension was set in place that was to unfold throughout the twentieth century. The Belgian colonisers certainly helped to ensure, albeit unintentionally, that this dynamic became conflictual and violent. In the 1950’s signs of unrest amongst the Hutu population in reaction to their oppressed condition led the Belgian authorities to introduce a greater measure of equality between the Hutu and Tutsi. Moreover the growing confidence and deepened collective consciousness of the Hutu eventually resulted in a bloody overthrow by the Hutu of the Tutsi regime in 1959. From 1962 onwards the Hutu reversed the Tutsi dominance, often just as brutally as the regime that it replaced. By the 1990’s the Hutu and Tutsi were divided, at least, by divergent collective memories of the past, or in other words by conflicting ethnic identities. By way of conclusion to our summary of the effects of colonialism, we can say that the colonial control of Rwanda clearly established tensions that might not otherwise have existed, which had the effect of strengthening the ethnic self-consciousness of the Hutu and Tutsi (Mamdani, 2001). Though we have not yet established the degree to which ethnicity contributed to the genocide in Rwanda, it is clear that the tensions that were present in the early 1990’s were ethnic ones, even if they were only recently created. By this time the perceived cultural differences between the Hutu and Tutsi were not mere economic. The Genocide It is one thing to establish that the genocide occurred against a background of decades of ethnic strife, but quite another to claim this strife was the decisive factor in the genocide. To claim that ethnicity was the decisive factor in the genocide is perhaps to suppose that the genocide was spontaneous, that it was the rising to the surface of ethnic injustice and hatred whose will was carried out by the militia who slaughtered so many Tutsi, in such a short space of time. But perhaps this is what the perpetrators of the genocide would like us to believe. Perhaps it would be more accurate to claim, following the definition of Genocide outlined above, that the genocide was deliberate and planned and that the ethnic hatred, and thus the particular ethnicity that played a part was also deliberately cultivated for the purpose of carrying out genocide. There are several key factors here. Firstly whilst its scale was unprecedented in Rwanda, the genocide arguably began sometime before 1994. During the late 1980’s and early 1990’s a series of progroms were carried out. These were smaller scale brutal killing expeditions by Hutu militia, coordinated by the Hutu government, most probably in preparation for genocide on a much greater scale (Freeman, 1998). The Hutu government appeared to have arrived at the conclusion that the surest way to permanently secure its power base was the elimination of the Tutsi. The rhetoric of the regime during this period certainly seems to confirm this. But the Hutu suppression of the Tutsi during this period, under the leadership of Habyarimana, was not simply motivated by the desire to ethnically cleanse. Even though viscous ethnocentric rhetoric was employed the Hutu government were perhaps more fearful of the consequences of the pressure that was being brought on them by external powers for democratic reform and thus the i nclusion of the Tutsi. The progroms then, and the eventual genocide may be seen as an attempt to eliminate any threat to its power base before it was required to relent to pressure for democratic reform. Indeed, the introduction of democratic reform during the early 1990’s only further strengthened the Hutu governments cause. More press freedom and the establishment of new political parties only led to more pro-Hutu and more anti-Tutsi rhetoric. This rhetoric was also more specifically targeted against the Arusha accords which were supposed to establish a power-sharing arrangement with the Tutsi. To be sure, the chances for the success of the accords was diminished also by the invasions between 1990-93 of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) a Tutsi led militia force based in Uganda. However the fear amongst the Hutu elite that if the accords were realised they would lose their cultural and political positions was more decisively a factor in their racialisation of Rwanda politic s during the period before the genocide. The extent to which the Rwandan genocide was planned and thus the result of a power struggle rather, merely, than ethnicity, is evidenced by the events that led up to the genocide in the months before. On April 6th 1994 a plane carrying the president was shot down by a missile, killing everyone on board. But in the same day of the attack, Hutu militia were out on patrol checking the identities of all passers by if they were Tutsi they were brutally murdered with machete’s (Freeman, 1998: 49). The killing that ensued then was immediate and on a mass scale during a period of just 3 months. Estimates of the number of Tutsi killed ranged between 700,000 and 1 million. The apparent suddenness of the genocide as well as the inaction of the international community should not however, disguise the significant and not well concealed evidence that the genocide was planned even predictable. Indeed the attack on the presidents aeroplane is still shrouded in mystery. It is unclear who ca rried out the attack and some suspect that it may have been Hutu extremists concerned that the Hutu government would relinquish some of its power base to the Tutsi. And it should also be noted that the genocide was not just targeted at Tutsi but Hutu moderates. The relative absence of ethnicity as a factor in the summary above leaves out an important question however. How is it, if the genocide was a planned attempt by the Hutu elite to eliminate any potential threat to its power-base, that so many people participated in the genocide. However, only 10% of the Hutu population participated in the killings. The image that is often portrayed of the people killing their neighbours often obscures this statistic. It is true that Tutsi and Hutu lived in the same communities and spoke the same language and even married each other but one cannot make the further step that the genocide was the spontaneous eruption of ethnic hatred. Clearly, the events and origins of the genocide in Rwanda are highly contested. Indeed, it is important to include here the interpretation of the events offered by western governments and the western media. There is much evidence to suggest that both the U.S and France had the operational military capability to intervene ra pidly and decisively to halt the genocide. Furthermore the shooting down of the presidents plane has never properly been investigated, either by the U.N, American or Belgian authorities. Moreover Rwanda represents a massive failure on a number of fronts. The most blatant failure was clearly that of the United Nations for pathetically sending in peacekeeping troops that were merely able to stand by and watch the slaughter. Then there is the failure, and apparent inconsistency of the ‘American empire’ to decisively intervene despite its interventions elsewhere. And there is also the failure to prevent the genocide, to do anything about the preparations for genocide. Indeed, Rwanda was actually viewed as a model of development of an example of the success of international development aid. This is despite the substantial use of international aid for the funding Hutu militia and the luxurious lifestyles of the Hutu elite. From the perspective of these failed actors, or non-actors, it is certainly much more convenient either to understand what happened in Rwanda as ‘civil war’ or to understand it as a sudden eruption of ethnic tensions that defy easy explanation. Curiously, by laying the blame for the genocide at the door of colonialism the cultural studies, post-colonial explanation for the genocide in Rwanda actually ends up allying itself with the former colonial powers who apparently ‘powerless’ to intervene. Conclusion Whilst ethnicity is clearly a factor in the genocide in Rwanda, we need to be careful the way in which and the degree to which attribute this factor. Firstly, historically the Tutsi and Hutu have been divided along class rather than ethnic lines. Their differences do not take the form of ethnic differences in the European sense of the term. Secondly, whilst the colonial intensification of tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi created a consciousness of ethnicity that might not otherwise have existed we should be careful when attempting to trace the specific and brutal act of genocide to the legacy of colonialism. Thirdly, the years, months, days and hours that proceded the genocide suggest that it was planned and thus not a sudden eruption of ethnic tension and hostilities as is sometimes implied. Bibliography John A. Berry and Carol Pott Berry (eds.), Genocide in Rwanda:  A Collective Memory. Washington, DC: Howard University  Press, 1999. Charles Freeman, Crisis in Central Africa Hove: Wagland, 1998 Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become  Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. Obi Igwara, Ethnic Hatred: genocide in Rwanda London: ASEAN, 1995

Reading as a Psycho-Social Process.

Reading as a Psycho-social process. Every second of the day, people read messages from official communication, mass media and the Internet. Through the internet alone which is today’s most popular form of communication, people can read and interact immediately to e-mails, news and information web-sites, other forms of informational, commercial, political, development websites, as well as blog-sites which are interactive journals on all facets of modern living. Needless say, reading is a social activity that engages humans in the world.It is also purposeful social communication, as it involves all facets of life from what is private to what is official, from what is personal to once that is public. The workings of businesses, industries, schools, governments, foundations and international agencies like the United nations would be stalled without reading as a human activity. Imagine the load of messages that we would miss without reading personal e-mails and letters, newspaper n ews and commentaries, government documents, agency plans, international agency policies, etc.Reading is also professioncal as it is a form of communication done in all the professions and human pursuits including scientific and technological research and studies. A you graduate, you would want your prospective employers to read your job application paper, resume and samples of your written work. Read more in Education  « All About Glee 6th Grade Parenting Guide  » Also, reading is a unique activity which you can adopt every day.Speaking of reading as a skill like other skills such as dancing, writing, acting, sports is something you can continually improve upon. Countless hours have been spent in these other skills and so we should not be reluctant to accept the suggestion that our reading ability,too, needs constructive development. In sum, reading can mean the difference between the amateur and professional, as well as successful career person you wish to become.

Questions And Multiple Choice Questions - 1632 Words

There are a lot of types of assessment in medical education that students can be evaluated in different ways such as written assessments, oral examination, performances or workplace assessment and evaluation of attitudes. However, this assignment will focus on long essay questions and multiple choice questions (MCQs) in written assessments and oral examination only. Therefore, the purpose of this assignment can be divided into three parts. Firstly, the use of long essay format and MCQs in the specific conditions including the benefits and drawbacks of each will be discussed. Secondly, validity and reliability of MCQ exam will be tested. Finally, a case for using the oral examination will be presented in term of how to guarantee that the scoring is reliable. As for the first part, essay questions and MCQs can assess students’ knowledge regarding with recall, comprehension, reasoning and application of knowledge as problem-solving in cognitive domain (Anbar, 1991; Nendaz Tekian, 1999; Schuwirth van der Vleuten, 2013). Long essay questions are one of open-end questions that require a longer response from candidates. Students have to integrate their knowledge to identify the problems beneath the question posed, build a structure, present insight and give some coherent arguments and opinions (Brown et al., 1997). In dental education, the essay format can be used to ask students to describe the reasoning in clinical procedure or explain patient management in differentShow MoreRelatedMultiple Choice Questions on Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Choice: Read each question and select the correct answer. 1. 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The Power of Habit - 848 Words

First off, we are creatures. We are animals. Were very sophisticated and good-looking and all that, but lets never forget that were made of flesh and blood. In particular, our brains are incredibly complex evolved machines. Our brains govern basic processes such as breathing and food intake, and also enable us to appreciate the finer points of John Cleeses performances in Fawlty Towers. As creatures, we have needs. We need to eat, and so we eat. As rather intelligent and social creatures, we like to chat with one another, and so we do. We take turns and finish our conversations gracefully. And there are dozens and dozens more behaviors that are just as complicated, if not more so. How on Earth do we get all of this done? Thats where†¦show more content†¦No writer feels like he is writing enough. We all watch too much television, spend too much time on Facebook, or waste our writing time doing other things. For beginning writers, the problem is especially acute. With no editor giving a deadline, no fans clamoring for the next installment, and no writing income, there is literally no incentive to write–at least not consistently. Beginners might write when they are â€Å"inspired,† but with so many other things pulling them away from the writing desk, how can they stick with it for the months and years it takes to carve out a writing career? On the other hand, most professional writers write every day. Not because they are inspired more often, not because they have more free time, and not because they are neglecting other parts of their lives. Pros write every day for one simple yet powerful reason. They’ve made it a habit. We tend to think of habits as bad (smoking, cussing, biting your fingernails) but they can also be good (walking the dog, oatmeal for breakfast, a weekly date with your spouse). THE POWER OF HABIT shows how easily habits form. They rely on three simple things–a cue, a routine, and a reward–and don’t take long to stick. Our brains love habits. They allow us to be efficient. They help us do things like drive a car without constant self-monitoring. Once we learn where the brake pedal is and how hard to press theShow MoreRelatedThe Power of Habit1958 Words   |  8 Pagessaving space and processing power. Thus, the formation of the habit. That autonomous routine that allows for more complex issues to take up the majority of our mental capacity. Whatever the inclination of the habits, good, bad or neutral, they are quickly established and take up a permanent residence in our minds. Creation of these habits is simple, it is choosing which to create that is not. Through the words and theories of Charles Duhigg, author of The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do inRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg978 Words   |  4 PagesMy Plan to Change My Habit In the Power of Habit, Charles Duhigg explains his theory of habit formation based on the habit loop. The habit loop is whenever a certain cue triggers your brain to go into a mode that automatically uses makes you follow certain patterns. This routine can be physical, mental or emotional. Then there is a reward, which helps your brain figure out if this particular loop is worth remembering for the future. We know a habit that we have good or bad is for a reason, butRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg1232 Words   |  5 Pagesit isn t always easy. But with time and effort, almost any habit can be reshaped,† Charles Duhigg writes in his book The Power of Habit. Whether a person realizes it or not, habits dictate their daily choices. Often, the choices made out of habit are not what the person really desires; they are just the easy way. They are a crutch†¦ something the person does out of ease or comfort without putting thought into it. At some point these habit s started out as a conscious decision, but eventually they becameRead MoreThe Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg830 Words   |  4 Pagesharmful wrongdoing. In The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg, he recounts a story in which a fatigued housewife named Angie Bachmann lost all of her family’s assets, amounting to a million dollars due to a gambling addiction. Every habit has three components: a cue or a trigger of an automatic behavior to start, a routine the behavior itself, and a reward which is how our brain learns to remember this pattern for the future. According to Duhigg, â€Å"you cannot extinguish a bad habit, you can only changeRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg1474 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes, but it made her happy. She can’t blame anyone else for her actions besides herself; it is Angie’s fault for her addiction. Their are more better things to do besides sitting at a table and throwing away all your money. In the article The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg, it read that, â€Å" it was 10:30am, her 3 daughters were gone, and Bachman had resorted again-taping a piece of paper over the kitchen clock to stop looking...When the clock hit twelve o’clock, she put on some makeup and nice dressRead MoreThe Power Of Habit By Charles Duhigg756 Words   |  4 Pagesdecided their future, they decide their habits, and these habits decide their future. A habit is a learned behavior repeated regularly, requiring small or no reasoning. Habits are created, are not obtained by inheritance, habits can transform themselves in needs. In addition, habits are not unique to people, organizations, to be made up of people, have habits also. There are right, and wrong habits; right habits normally are called as virtues, and wrong habits are called as vices. Undoubtedly, virtuesRead MoreThe Power Of Habit : Henry Molaison And Eugene Pauly1496 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone has at least one habit – whether it is good or bad – and unless someone else points it out, they almost never notice it. Such unconscious tasks exist thanks to â€Å"a nub of neurological tissue known as the basal ganglia† (Duhigg 13). However, scientists would never have learned that this part of the brain was responsible for the formation of routine were it not for two significant men: Henry Molaison and Eugene Pauly. In his book, The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and BusinessRead MoreEssay 21098 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Power of Belief in Habit Changing All of us have formed habits in our daily life. Even though some of these habits only exist in our subconscious and we cannot actually make sure whether they are real or only the conjectures. But it is undoubted that all of our behaviors are influenced by our desires on specific objectives. In the book, the power of habit, Charles Duhigg explained the definition of a habit as an effort-saving instinct. â€Å"When a habit emerges, the brain stops fully participatingRead MoreUnderstanding Change and Good Will Power744 Words   |  3 Pages Learning that setting goals is important for creating habits and willpower in doing this people can have a successful life. This willpower growth spread to others parts of their lives. As people overcome obstacles they can learn good will power and how to set goals. The majority of people understand that we are born with will power, but will power is learned. This willpower growth spread to others parts of their lives In 2006 two Australian researchers –Megan Oaten and Ken Cheng, did three experiments;Read MoreA Study On Computer Science1402 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage of users’ habits and human psychology to increase its revenue. Although this practice is the nature of the online marketing business to make profits, I totally disagree with this practice; Google should be clear in what data they receive from its users and sell to advertisers. In the book The Power of Habits, the author Charles Duhigg emphasizes how enormously our habits impact our daily lives. He indicates that 40 percent of our daily activities are a sequence of our habits (xii). According